Babes Alexandru
Department of Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095, Bucharest, Romania.
Biophys Rev. 2009 Dec;1(4):193-200. doi: 10.1007/s12551-009-0020-9. Epub 2009 Nov 10.
Substantial progress in understanding thermal transduction in peripheral sensory nerve endings was achieved with the recent cloning of six thermally gated ion channels from the TRP (transient receptor potential) super-family. Two of these channels, TRP melastatin 8 (TRPM8) and TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), are expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons, are activated by various degrees of cooling, and are candidates for mediating gentle cooling and noxious cold, respectively. However, accumulating evidence suggests that more than just these two channels are involved in cold sensing in mammals. A recent report described a critical role of the voltage-gated tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel Na1.8 in perceiving intense cold and noxious stimuli at cold temperatures. Other ion channels, such as two-pore domain background potassium channels (K2P), are known to be expressed in peripheral nerves, have pronounced temperature dependence, and may contribute to cold sensing and/or cold hypersensitivity in pain states. This article reviews the evidence supporting a role for each of these channels in cold transduction, focusing on their biophysical properties, expression pattern, and modulation by pro-inflammatory mediators.
随着最近从瞬时受体电位（TRP）超家族中克隆出六种热敏离子通道，在理解外周感觉神经末梢的热转导方面取得了重大进展。其中两个通道，即TRP褪黑素8（TRPM8）和TRP锚蛋白1（TRPA1），在背根神经节（DRG）和三叉神经节（TG）神经元中表达，被不同程度的冷却激活，分别是介导温和冷却和有害寒冷的候选通道。然而，越来越多的证据表明，参与哺乳动物冷觉感知的不止这两个通道。最近的一份报告描述了电压门控河豚毒素抗性钠通道Na1.8在感知低温下的强烈寒冷和有害刺激中的关键作用。其他离子通道，如双孔结构域背景钾通道（K2P），已知在外周神经中表达，具有明显的温度依赖性，可能在疼痛状态下的冷觉感知和/或冷超敏反应中起作用。本文综述了支持这些通道各自在冷转导中起作用的证据，重点关注它们的生物物理特性、表达模式以及促炎介质对它们的调节作用。
