Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
J Gen Physiol. 2024 Oct 7;156(10). doi: 10.1085/jgp.202313529. Epub 2024 Jul 25.
Thermosensation requires the activation of a unique collection of ion channels and receptors that work in concert to transmit thermal information. It is widely accepted that transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) activation is required for normal cold sensing; however, recent studies have illuminated major roles for other ion channels in this important somatic sensation. In addition to TRPM8, other TRP channels have been reported to contribute to cold transduction mechanisms in diverse sensory neuron populations, with both leak- and voltage-gated channels being identified for their role in the transmission of cold signals. Whether the same channels that contribute to physiological cold sensing also mediate noxious cold signaling remains unclear; however, recent work has found a conserved role for the kainite receptor, GluK2, in noxious cold sensing across species. Additionally, cold-sensing neurons likely engage in functional crosstalk with nociceptors to give rise to cold pain. This Review will provide an update on our understanding of the relationship between various ion channels in the transduction and transmission of cold and highlight areas where further investigation is required.
温度感觉需要一组独特的离子通道和受体的激活，这些通道和受体协同工作以传递热信息。人们普遍认为瞬时受体电位 melastatin 8（TRPM8）的激活对于正常的冷感觉是必需的；然而，最近的研究揭示了其他离子通道在这一重要躯体感觉中的主要作用。除了 TRPM8 之外，其他 TRP 通道也被报道有助于不同感觉神经元群体中的冷传导机制，已经确定了漏电流和电压门控通道在冷信号的传递中发挥作用。同样的通道是否有助于生理性冷感觉也介导有害冷信号尚不清楚；然而，最近的工作发现，在不同物种中， kainate 受体 GluK2 在有害冷感觉中具有保守作用。此外，冷感觉神经元可能与伤害感受器进行功能串扰，从而产生冷痛。这篇综述将提供对我们对冷感觉和冷痛中各种离子通道在转导和传递中的关系的理解的最新更新，并强调需要进一步研究的领域。
