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巴西亚马孙西南部的森林砍伐与碳损失：巴西修订后的森林法典的影响

Deforestation and Carbon Loss in Southwest Amazonia: Impact of Brazil's Revised Forest Code.

作者信息

Roriz Pedro Augusto Costa, Yanai Aurora Miho, Fearnside Philip Martin

机构信息

National Institute for Research in Amazonia (INPA), Av. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus, Amazonas, CEP 69067-0375, Brazil.

Brazilian Research Network on Climate Change (RedeClima), Manaus, Brazil.

出版信息

Environ Manage. 2017 Sep;60(3):367-382. doi: 10.1007/s00267-017-0879-3. Epub 2017 May 16.

DOI:10.1007/s00267-017-0879-3
PMID:28510059
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5544789/
Abstract

In 2012 Brazil's National Congress altered the country's Forest Code, decreasing various environmental protections in the set of regulations governing forests. This suggests consequences in increased deforestation and emissions of greenhouse gases and in decreased protection of fragile ecosystems. To ascertain the effects, a simulation was run to the year 2025 for the municipality (county) of Boca do Acre, Amazonas state, Brazil. A baseline scenario considered historical behavior (which did not respect the Forest Code), while two scenarios considered full compliance with the old Forest Code (Law 4771/1965) and the current Code (Law 12,651/2012) regarding the protection of "areas of permanent preservation" (APPs) along the edges of watercourses. The models were parameterized from satellite imagery and simulated using Dinamica-EGO software. Deforestation actors and processes in the municipality were observed in loco in 2012. Carbon emissions and loss of forest by 2025 were computed in the three simulation scenarios. There was a 10% difference in the loss of carbon stock and of forest between the scenarios with the two versions of the Forest Code. The baseline scenario showed the highest loss of carbon stocks and the highest increase in annual emissions. The greatest damage was caused by not protecting wetlands and riparian zones.

摘要

2012年，巴西国民议会修改了该国的《森林法》，在有关森林的一系列法规中减少了各种环境保护措施。这表明可能会导致森林砍伐增加、温室气体排放增加以及脆弱生态系统的保护力度减弱。为了确定其影响，对巴西亚马孙州博卡杜阿克里市（县）进行了到2025年的模拟。一个基线情景考虑了历史行为（即不遵守《森林法》的行为），而另外两个情景则分别考虑了完全遵守旧《森林法》（第4771/1965号法律）和现行《森林法》（第12651/2012号法律）中关于保护水道边缘“永久保护区”（APP）方面的情况。这些模型根据卫星图像进行参数设置，并使用Dinamica-EGO软件进行模拟。2012年对该市的森林砍伐行为和过程进行了实地观察。在三种模拟情景下计算了到2025年的碳排放和森林损失情况。两种版本《森林法》的情景之间，碳储量和森林损失存在10%的差异。基线情景显示碳储量损失最高，年排放量增加最多。未对湿地和河岸带进行保护造成的破坏最大。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/272f/5544789/81d9af169de5/267_2017_879_Fig9_HTML.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/272f/5544789/ffb9e2f7f5d5/267_2017_879_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/272f/5544789/aeff68abcbaf/267_2017_879_Fig8_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/272f/5544789/81d9af169de5/267_2017_879_Fig9_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/272f/5544789/3db265c07969/267_2017_879_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/272f/5544789/99a9ad908806/267_2017_879_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/272f/5544789/332c40b936d1/267_2017_879_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/272f/5544789/d27e49935351/267_2017_879_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/272f/5544789/7431e2148e64/267_2017_879_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/272f/5544789/ca0c8b915b64/267_2017_879_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/272f/5544789/ffb9e2f7f5d5/267_2017_879_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/272f/5544789/aeff68abcbaf/267_2017_879_Fig8_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/272f/5544789/81d9af169de5/267_2017_879_Fig9_HTML.jpg

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