Barabé Denis, Lacroix Christian
Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Jardin Botanique de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, H1X 2B2, Québec, Canada.
Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, C1A 4P3, PE, Canada.
Bot Stud. 2014 Dec;55(1):30. doi: 10.1186/1999-3110-55-30. Epub 2014 Mar 14.
The floral development of Dieffenbachia seguine (N. J. Jacquin) Schott is analysed in relation to the molecular phylogeny of the Spathicarpae by Cusimano et al. (Am J Bot 98:654-668, 2011).
The initiation of discoid floral primordia occurs acropetally on the surface of the spadix. Female flowers, atypical bisexual flowers, sterile male flowers, and male flowers share the same phyllotactic spirals on the spadix. Four or five stamen primordia are initiated simultaneously on the periphery of the male floral meristem. During early stages of stamen initiation, individual stamen primordia are connate at their base. In a synandrium, stamen fusion occurs very early during their developmental cycle with the stamens being already united laterally when longitudinal elongation occurs. The staminodes are also initiated on the periphery of the discoid floral primordium, and their number varies from four to six. The development of the fused staminodes will eventually form a longitudinal cavity in the center of the mature synandrode. The atypical flowers located in the intermediate zone range in morphology from aborted female flowers to rudimentary sterile male flowers with incomplete staminodes.
The development of the female flower of Dieffenbachia Schott presents some similarities with atypical bisexual flowers of Cercestis Schott representing one of three types of aberrant flower forms in the family. From a developmental point of view and in the context of a phylogeny of the group, we believe that the presence of staminodes in the female zone constitutes a plesiomorphy in the tribe Spathicarpeae.
库西马诺等人（《美国植物学杂志》98:654 - 668，2011年）结合刺芋科的分子系统发育分析了花叶万年青（N. J. 雅克金）肖特的花发育过程。
盘状花原基在肉穗花序表面向顶发生。雌花、非典型两性花、不育雄花和雄花在肉穗花序上具有相同的叶序螺旋。在雄花花分生组织的周边同时起始4或5个雄蕊原基。在雄蕊起始的早期阶段，单个雄蕊原基在基部合生。在聚药雄蕊中，雄蕊融合在其发育周期中很早就发生，当纵向伸长时，雄蕊已经在侧面联合。退化雄蕊也在盘状花原基的周边起始，其数量从4到6个不等。融合退化雄蕊的发育最终会在成熟聚药退化雄蕊的中心形成一个纵向腔。位于中间区域的非典型花形态各异，从败育的雌花到具有不完全退化雄蕊的基本不育雄花。
花叶万年青肖特雌花的发育与肖特魔芋的非典型两性花有一些相似之处，后者代表了该科三种异常花型之一。从发育的角度以及在该类群系统发育的背景下，我们认为雌蕊区退化雄蕊的存在是刺芋族的一个原始特征。
