Cabrera Lidia I, Salazar Gerardo A, Chase Mark W, Mayo Simon J, Bogner Josef, Dávila Patricia
Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-367, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico.
Am J Bot. 2008 Sep;95(9):1153-65. doi: 10.3732/ajb.0800073.
Familial, subfamilial, and tribal monophyly and relationships of aroids and duckweeds were assessed by parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of five regions of coding (rbcL, matK) and noncoding plastid DNA (partial trnK intron, trnL intron, trnL-trnF spacer) for exemplars of nearly all aroid and duckweed genera. Our analyses confirm the position of Lemna and its allies (formerly Lemnaceae) within Araceae as the well-supported sister group of all aroids except Gymnostachydoideae and Orontioideae. The last two subfamilies form the sister clade of the rest of the family. Monophyly of subfamilies Orontioideae, Pothoideae, Monsteroideae, and Lasioideae is supported, but Aroideae are paraphyletic if Calla is maintained in its own subfamily (Calloideae). Our results suggest expansion of the recently proposed subfamily Zamioculcadoideae (Zamioculcas, Gonatopus) to include Stylochaeton and identify problems in the current delimitation of tribes Anadendreae, Heteropsideae, and Monstereae (Monsteroideae), Caladieae/Zomicarpeae, and Colocasieae (Aroideae). Canalization of traits of the spathe and spadix considered typical of Araceae evolved after the split of Gymnostachydoideae, Orontioideae, and Lemnoideae. An association with aquatic habitats is a plesiomorphic attribute in Araceae, occurring in the helophytic Orontioideae and free-floating Lemnoideae, but evolving independently in various derived aroid lineages including free-floating Pistia (Aroideae).
通过对几乎所有天南星科和浮萍科属的样本进行编码区（rbcL、matK）和非编码质体DNA（部分trnK内含子、trnL内含子、trnL-trnF间隔区）五个区域的简约法和贝叶斯系统发育分析，评估了天南星科和浮萍科的家族、亚家族和部落单系性及亲缘关系。我们的分析证实了浮萍属及其近缘属（原浮萍科）在天南星科中的位置，是除裸穗花亚科和奥昂蒂亚科之外所有天南星科植物得到有力支持的姐妹群。最后这两个亚科构成了该科其余部分的姐妹分支。奥昂蒂亚科、石柑亚科、龟背竹亚科和刺芋亚科的单系性得到支持，但如果把水芋属保留在其自己的亚科（水芋亚科）中，天南星亚科则是并系的。我们的结果表明，最近提出的马蹄莲亚科（马蹄莲属、刺芋属）应扩大到包括刺苞南星属，并指出了当前在界定部落（龟背竹亚科）的上树南星族、刺芋族和龟背竹族，千年健族/岩芋族，以及天南星亚科的芋族时存在的问题。被认为是天南星科典型特征的佛焰苞和肉穗花序的性状特化，是在裸穗花亚科、奥昂蒂亚科和浮萍亚科分化之后演化而来的。与水生栖息地的关联是天南星科的一个原始性状，出现在沼生的奥昂蒂亚科和自由漂浮的浮萍亚科中，但在包括自由漂浮的大薸属（天南星亚科）在内的各种衍生天南星科谱系中独立演化。
