1INRA,UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine,F-63122 Saint Genès Champanelle,France.
Nutr Res Rev. 2017 Dec;30(2):191-207. doi: 10.1017/S0954422417000051. Epub 2017 May 17.
In our societies, the proportions of elderly people and of obese individuals are increasing. Both factors are associated with high health-related costs. During obesity, many authors suggest that it is a high chronic intake of added sugars (HCIAS) that triggers the shift towards pathology. However, the majority of studies were performed in young subjects and only a few were interested in the interaction with the ageing process. Our purpose was to discuss the metabolic effects of HCIAS, compare with the effects of ageing, and evaluate how deleterious the combined action of HCIAS and ageing could be. This effect of HCIAS seems mediated by fructose, targeting the liver first, which may lead to all subsequent metabolic alterations. The first basic alterations induced by fructose are increased oxidative stress, protein glycation, inflammation, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. These alterations are also present during the ageing process, and are closely related to each other, one leading to the other. These basic alterations are also involved in more complex syndromes, which are also favoured by HCIAS, and present during ageing. These include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, neurodegenerative diseases, sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Cumulative effects of ageing and HCIAS have been seldom tested and may not always be strictly additive. Data also suggest that some of the metabolic alterations that are more prevalent during ageing could be related more with nutritional habits than to intrinsic ageing. In conclusion, it is clear that HCIAS interacts with the ageing process, accelerates the accumulation of metabolic alterations, and that it should be avoided.
在我们的社会中，老年人和肥胖人群的比例正在增加。这两个因素都与高健康相关成本有关。在肥胖期间，许多作者认为，正是高慢性摄入添加糖（HCIAS）引发了向病理学的转变。然而，大多数研究都是在年轻人群中进行的，只有少数研究关注与衰老过程的相互作用。我们的目的是讨论 HCIAS 的代谢影响，将其与衰老的影响进行比较，并评估 HCIAS 和衰老的联合作用可能有多有害。这种 HCIAS 的作用似乎是由果糖介导的，首先靶向肝脏，这可能导致所有随后的代谢改变。果糖引起的第一个基本改变是氧化应激增加、蛋白质糖化、炎症、血脂异常和胰岛素抵抗。这些改变也存在于衰老过程中，并且彼此密切相关，一个导致另一个。这些基本改变也与更复杂的综合征有关，这些综合征也受到 HCIAS 的影响，并在衰老期间出现。这些包括非酒精性脂肪肝疾病、高血压、神经退行性疾病、肌肉减少症和骨质疏松症。衰老和 HCIAS 的累积效应很少被测试，可能并不总是严格相加的。数据还表明，在衰老过程中更常见的一些代谢改变可能与营养习惯有关，而不是与内在衰老有关。总之，很明显，HCIAS 与衰老过程相互作用，加速了代谢改变的积累，应该避免。
