Vesikari T
Diarrhoeal Diseases Control Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1988 Sep;19(3):437-47.
The RIT 4237 bovine rotavirus vaccine has served as a useful model for rotavirus vaccination, but the vaccine will not be further developed or tested. The main problem encountered with this vaccine was its poor "take" rate in developing countries. The reasons for this are unclear, and it is not known whether other bovine rotavirus vaccines are more efficacious in this respect. WC-3 bovine rotavirus vaccine will shortly be tested at several sites in developing countries. The rhesus rotavirus vaccine RRV-1 does not appear by itself to be a practical vaccine either. It has induced only moderate protection against human rotavirus serotypes other than the vaccine type. However, the fact that RRV-1 vaccine has induced substantial protection against severe diarrhoea caused by serotype 3 rotavirus, even in young infants, is promising and supports the concept that serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies play a role in protection against human rotavirus disease. Based on this concept, it has been possible to develop reassortant rhesus rotaviruses in which one RNA segment of human rotavirus, which encodes the expression of VP7 antigen, has been incorporated (Kapikian et al., 1986; 1987). Such rhesus-human reassortant rotaviruses, representing serotypes 1, 2 and 4 of human rotavirus and serotype 3 of rhesus rotavirus, can be combined to make a tetravalent vaccine that might induce neutralizing antibodies against each of the main serotypes of human rotavirus. Although its efficacy is unproven, such a combination vaccine is presently regarded as the most promising candidate rotavirus vaccine for the prevention of human rotavirus disease.
RIT 4237牛轮状病毒疫苗曾是轮状病毒疫苗的一个有用模型，但该疫苗不会再进一步研发或测试。这种疫苗在发展中国家遇到的主要问题是其“接种”率低。原因尚不清楚，也不知道其他牛轮状病毒疫苗在这方面是否更有效。WC - 3牛轮状病毒疫苗不久将在发展中国家的几个地点进行测试。恒河猴轮状病毒疫苗RRV - 1本身似乎也不是一种实用的疫苗。它对疫苗型以外的人轮状病毒血清型仅诱导了中等程度的保护。然而，RRV - 1疫苗即使在幼儿中也能对3型轮状病毒引起的严重腹泻诱导出显著的保护作用，这一事实很有前景，并支持了血清型特异性中和抗体在预防人轮状病毒疾病中起作用的概念。基于这一概念，已经有可能开发出重组恒河猴轮状病毒，其中整合了编码VP7抗原表达的人轮状病毒的一个RNA片段（卡皮基安等人，1986年；1987年）。这种恒河猴 - 人重组轮状病毒，代表了人轮状病毒的1、2和4型以及恒河猴轮状病毒的3型，可以组合制成一种四价疫苗，可能诱导针对人轮状病毒各主要血清型的中和抗体。尽管其疗效尚未得到证实，但这种联合疫苗目前被认为是预防人轮状病毒疾病最有前景的候选轮状病毒疫苗。
