Parashar U D, Bresee J S, Gentsch J R, Glass R I
Viral Gastroenteritis Section, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Emerg Infect Dis. 1998 Oct-Dec;4(4):561-70. doi: 10.3201/eid0404.980406.
Rotavirus, the most common diarrheal pathogen in children worldwide, causes approximately one third of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations and 800,000 deaths per year. Because natural infection reduces the incidence and severity of subsequent episodes, rotavirus diarrhea might be controlled through vaccination. Serotypespecific immunity may play a role in protection from disease. Tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV) (which contains a rhesus rotavirus with serotype G3 specificity and reassortant rhesus-human rotaviruses with G1, G2, and G4 specificity) provides coverage against the four common serotypes of human rotavirus. In clinical trials in industrialized countries, RRV-TV conferred 49% to 68% protection against any rotavirus diarrhea and 61% to 100% protection against severe disease. This vaccine was licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on August 31, 1998, and should be cost-effective in reducing diarrheal diseases in industrialized countries. The vaccine's efficacy and cost-effectiveness in developing countries should be evaluated.
轮状病毒是全球儿童腹泻最常见的病原体，每年导致约三分之一与腹泻相关的住院病例以及80万例死亡。由于自然感染会降低后续发病的发生率和严重程度，因此轮状病毒腹泻或许可通过接种疫苗来控制。血清型特异性免疫可能在预防疾病方面发挥作用。四价恒河猴-人重配轮状病毒疫苗（RRV-TV）（包含具有G3血清型特异性的恒河猴轮状病毒以及具有G1、G2和G4特异性的重配恒河猴-人轮状病毒）可预防四种常见的人类轮状病毒血清型。在工业化国家的临床试验中，RRV-TV对任何轮状病毒腹泻的保护率为49%至68%，对严重疾病的保护率为61%至100%。该疫苗于1998年8月31日获得美国食品药品监督管理局批准，在工业化国家减少腹泻疾病方面应具有成本效益。应评估该疫苗在发展中国家的效力和成本效益。
