Lambert Max R, Edwards Thea M
School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale University New Haven CT USA.
Department of Biology University of the South Sewanee TN USA.
Evol Appl. 2017 Mar 23;10(5):419-432. doi: 10.1111/eva.12469. eCollection 2017 Jun.
Living plants produce a diversity of chemicals that share structural and functional properties with vertebrate hormones. Wildlife species interact with these chemicals either through consumption of plant materials or aquatic exposure. Accumulating evidence shows that exposure to these hormonally active phytochemicals (HAPs) often has consequences for behavior, physiology, and fecundity. These fitness effects suggest there is potential for an evolutionary response by vertebrates to HAPs. Here, we explore the toxicological HAP-vertebrate relationship in an evolutionary framework and discuss the potential for vertebrates to adapt to or even co-opt the effects of plant-derived chemicals that influence fitness. We lay out several hypotheses about HAPs and provide a path forward to test whether plant-derived chemicals influence vertebrate reproduction and evolution. Studies of phytochemicals with direct impacts on vertebrate reproduction provide an obvious and compelling system for studying evolutionary toxicology. Furthermore, an understanding of whether animal populations evolve in response to HAPs could provide insightful context for the study of rapid evolution and how animals cope with chemical agents in the environment.
活植物会产生多种化学物质，这些化学物质与脊椎动物激素具有相同的结构和功能特性。野生动物物种通过食用植物材料或接触水生环境与这些化学物质相互作用。越来越多的证据表明，接触这些具有激素活性的植物化学物质（HAPs）通常会对行为、生理和繁殖力产生影响。这些对适应性的影响表明脊椎动物有可能对HAPs产生进化反应。在这里，我们在进化框架内探讨毒理学上的HAP-脊椎动物关系，并讨论脊椎动物适应甚至利用影响适应性的植物衍生化学物质的作用的可能性。我们提出了几个关于HAPs的假设，并提供了一条检验植物衍生化学物质是否影响脊椎动物繁殖和进化的途径。对直接影响脊椎动物繁殖的植物化学物质的研究为研究进化毒理学提供了一个明显且有说服力的系统。此外，了解动物种群是否会因HAPs而进化，可以为快速进化以及动物如何应对环境中的化学物质的研究提供有洞察力的背景信息。
