Tomes Colin, Orr Robin Marc, Pope Rodney
Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Science, Messiah College, Grantham, PA USA.
Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226 Australia.
Ann Occup Environ Med. 2017 May 16;29:14. doi: 10.1186/s40557-017-0169-9. eCollection 2017.
The law enforcement officer profession requires performance of arduous occupational tasks while carrying an external load, consisting of, at minimum, a chest rig, a communication system, weaponry, handcuffs, personal protective equipment and a torch. The aim of this systematic review of the literature was to identify and critically appraise the methodological quality of published studies that have investigated the impacts of body armour on task performance and to synthesize and report key findings from these studies to inform law enforcement organizations.
Several literature databases (Medline, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, EMBAS) were searched using key search words and terms to identify appropriate studies. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were critically evaluated using the Downs and Black protocol with inter-rater agreement determined by Cohen's Kappa.
Sixteen articles were retained for evaluation with a mean Downs and Black score of 73.2 ± 6.8% (k = 0.841). Based on the research quality and findings across the included studies, this review determined that while effects of body armour on marksmanship and physiological responses have not yet been adequately ascertained, body armour does have significant physical performance and biomechanical impacts on the wearer, including: a) increased ratings of perceived exertion and increased time to complete functional tasks, b) decreased work capability (indicated by deterioration in fitness test scores), c) decreased balance and stability, and d) increased ground reaction forces.
Given the physical performance and biomechanical impacts on the wearer, body armour should be carefully selected, with consideration of the physical fitness of the wearers and the degree to which the armour systems can be ergonomically optimized for the specific population in question.
执法人员职业要求在背负外部负载的情况下执行艰巨的职业任务，该负载至少包括胸挂式装备、通信系统、武器、手铐、个人防护装备和手电筒。本系统文献综述的目的是识别并批判性评估已发表研究的方法学质量，这些研究调查了防弹衣对任务表现的影响，并综合和报告这些研究的关键发现，以为执法组织提供参考。
使用关键搜索词在多个文献数据库（Medline、CINAHL、SPORTDiscus、EMBASE）中进行检索，以识别合适的研究。使用唐斯和布莱克协议对符合纳入标准的研究进行批判性评估，评分者间的一致性通过科恩卡帕系数确定。
保留16篇文章进行评估，唐斯和布莱克平均得分73.2±6.8%（κ=0.841）。基于纳入研究的研究质量和结果，本综述确定，虽然防弹衣对枪法和生理反应的影响尚未得到充分确定，但防弹衣确实对穿戴者有显著的身体表现和生物力学影响，包括：a） 自觉用力程度评分增加，完成功能性任务的时间增加；b） 工作能力下降（通过体能测试分数恶化表明）；c） 平衡和稳定性下降；d） 地面反作用力增加。
鉴于防弹衣对穿戴者的身体表现和生物力学影响，应谨慎选择防弹衣，同时考虑穿戴者的身体素质以及防弹衣系统针对特定人群在人体工程学上可优化的程度。
