Montgomery Jonathan
a Faculty of Laws , University College London , UK.
New Bioeth. 2017 Apr;23(1):81-86. doi: 10.1080/20502877.2017.1314893.
Ideas about ownership are sometimes used in discussions of data sharing in personalised medicine. Personal health data are thought by many to be 'theirs'. Paradoxically, personalised medicine (at least in the context of genomics) relies on the aggregation of private data into a dataset that is held as a form of knowledge commons. When the notions of private and common property that lie behind this discourse are made explicit we can use thinking about the justifications and jurisprudence of property both to clarify the persuasiveness and limits of such claims, and also how they differ from other principles that are at stake in the interplay between individual and collective goods in the delivery of personalised medicine. This shows that ownership might more plausibly lie with health professionals than patients. In a socialised medicine system, such as the NHS, such professionals are agents of the state and ownership would lie with the commons rather than any individual. Common rather than private ownership of genomic information may be more appropriate.
关于所有权的观念有时会在个性化医疗数据共享的讨论中被提及。许多人认为个人健康数据是“他们的”。矛盾的是，个性化医疗（至少在基因组学背景下）依赖于将私人数据汇总到一个数据集，该数据集以知识共享的形式存在。当这种话语背后的私有财产和公共财产概念变得明确时，我们可以运用关于财产正当性和法学的思考，来阐明此类主张的说服力和局限性，以及它们与个性化医疗提供过程中个体与集体利益相互作用所涉及的其他原则有何不同。这表明所有权可能更合理地属于医疗专业人员而非患者。在诸如英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）这样的社会化医疗系统中，此类专业人员是国家的代理人，所有权应属于公共领域而非任何个人。基因组信息的公共所有权而非私人所有权可能更为合适。
