Podolich O, Zaets I, Kukharenko O, Orlovska I, Reva O, Khirunenko L, Sosnin M, Haidak A, Shpylova S, Rabbow E, Skoryk M, Kremenskoy M, Demets R, Kozyrovska N, de Vera J-P
1 Institute of Molecular Biology & Genetics of NASU , Kyiv, Ukraine .
2 Pretoria University , Bioinformatics Center, Pretoria, South Africa .
Astrobiology. 2017 May;17(5):459-469. doi: 10.1089/ast.2016.1480.
Kombucha microbial community (KMC) produces a cellulose-based biopolymer of industrial importance and a probiotic beverage. KMC-derived cellulose-based pellicle film is known as a highly adaptive microbial macrocolony-a stratified community of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In the framework of the multipurpose international astrobiological project "BIOlogy and Mars Experiment (BIOMEX)," which aims to study the vitality of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and the stability of selected biomarkers in low Earth orbit and in a Mars-like environment, a cellulose polymer structural integrity will be assessed as a biomarker and biotechnological nanomaterial. In a preflight assessment program for BIOMEX, the mineralized bacterial cellulose did not exhibit significant changes in the structure under all types of tests. KMC members that inhabit the cellulose-based pellicle exhibited a high survival rate; however, the survival capacity depended on a variety of stressors such as the vacuum of space, a Mars-like atmosphere, UVC radiation, and temperature fluctuations. The critical limiting factor for microbial survival was high-dose UV irradiation. In the tests that simulated a 1-year mission of exposure outside the International Space Station, the core populations of bacteria and yeasts survived and provided protection against UV; however, the microbial density of the populations overall was reduced, which was revealed by implementation of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Reduction of microbial richness was also associated with a lower accumulation of chemical elements in the cellulose-based pellicle film, produced by microbiota that survived in the post-test experiments, as compared to untreated cultures that populated the film. Key Words: BIOlogy and Mars Experiment (BIOMEX)-Kombucha multimicrobial community-Biosignature-Biofilm-Bacterial cellulose. Astrobiology 17, 459-469.
康普茶微生物群落（KMC）可产生具有工业重要性的纤维素基生物聚合物和一种益生菌饮料。源自KMC的纤维素基菌膜被认为是一种高度适应性的微生物大菌落——原核生物和真核生物的分层群落。在旨在研究原核生物和真核生物活力以及近地轨道和类火星环境中选定生物标志物稳定性的多用途国际天体生物学项目“生物学与火星实验（BIOMEX）”框架内，纤维素聚合物的结构完整性将作为一种生物标志物和生物技术纳米材料进行评估。在BIOMEX的飞行前评估计划中，矿化细菌纤维素在所有类型的测试下结构均未显示出显著变化。栖息在纤维素基菌膜中的KMC成员具有较高的存活率；然而，生存能力取决于多种应激源，如太空真空、类火星大气、紫外线辐射和温度波动。微生物生存的关键限制因素是高剂量紫外线照射。在模拟国际空间站外1年暴露任务的测试中，细菌和酵母的核心种群存活下来并提供了紫外线防护；然而，通过依赖培养和不依赖培养的方法发现，总体种群的微生物密度降低了。与在测试后实验中存活的微生物群产生的纤维素基菌膜相比，未处理培养物形成的菌膜中，微生物丰富度的降低也与化学元素的积累减少有关。关键词：生物学与火星实验（BIOMEX）——康普茶多微生物群落——生物特征——生物膜——细菌纤维素。天体生物学17，459 - 469。
