Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Trends Microbiol. 2017 Oct;25(10):833-850. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.04.005. Epub 2017 May 15.
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems are RNA-guided sequence-specific prokaryotic antiviral immune systems. In prokaryotes, small RNA molecules guide Cas effector endonucleases to invading foreign genetic elements in a sequence-dependent manner, resulting in DNA cleavage by the endonuclease upon target binding. A rewired CRISPR/Cas9 system can be used for targeted and precise genome editing in eukaryotic cells. CRISPR/Cas has also been harnessed to target human pathogenic viruses as a potential new antiviral strategy. Here, we review recent CRISPR/Cas9-based approaches to combat specific human viruses in humans and discuss challenges that need to be overcome before CRISPR/Cas9 may be used in the clinic as an antiviral strategy.
成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）和 CRISPR 相关（Cas）系统是 RNA 指导的序列特异性原核抗病毒免疫防御系统。在原核生物中，小 RNA 分子以序列依赖性方式指导 Cas 效应核酸内切酶靶向入侵的外源遗传元件，导致靶标结合后内切酶对 DNA 的切割。经重编的 CRISPR/Cas9 系统可用于真核细胞中的靶向和精确基因组编辑。CRISPR/Cas 还被用于靶向人类致病病毒，作为一种潜在的新抗病毒策略。在这里，我们综述了基于 CRISPR/Cas9 的最新方法，以对抗人类特定病毒，并讨论了在将 CRISPR/Cas9 用作抗病毒策略之前需要克服的挑战。
