Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion (LABSAU), Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, sala 8121F; Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 20550-900, Brazil.
Graduate Program in Sciences of Physical Activity, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2018 Apr;30(4):341-349. doi: 10.1007/s40520-017-0776-x. Epub 2017 May 18.
Age-related differences concerning cardiorespiratory responses and myocardial function during exercise have not been extensively investigated in healthy populations.
To compare cardiorespiratory performance and myocardial function during maximal exercise in healthy/unmedicated men (older, n = 24, 63-75 years; young, n = 22, 19-25 years) and women (older, n = 18, age = 63-74 years; young, n = 23, 19-25 years).
Oxygen uptake (VO), ventilation minute (V ), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Q), O pulse (Op), preejection period (PEP), and left ventricular ejection time (LVET) were assessed during cycle incremental exercise.
HR and SV remained equivalent between age groups until 75 and 50% peak workload, respectively. Q increased by 2.5 and 4.5 times in older and young groups, respectively. However, Q/VO ratio was always similar across age and sex groups (∼0.50). The energetic efficiency ratio (W/VO) was also alike in older and young men, but slightly lower in women. At maximal exercise, cardiorespiratory responses were lower in older than young men and women: VO (-40 to 50%), V (-35 to 37%), HR (-23%), SV (-26 to 29%), Q (-43 to 45%), and Op (-15 to 20%). Cardiac and SV indices were lower in older than young groups by approximately 42 and 25%, respectively. LVET was longer in the older individuals, while PEP was similar across age groups. Hence, PEP/LVET was lowered among older vs. young men and women.
Submaximal work capacity was preserved in healthy and unmedicated older individuals. Age-related lessening of maximal performance in both sexes was due to poor chronotropic and, particularly, inotropic properties of the heart.
在健康人群中，关于运动期间心肺反应和心肌功能的年龄相关差异尚未得到广泛研究。
比较健康/未用药男性（老年组，n=24，63-75 岁；年轻组，n=22，19-25 岁）和女性（老年组，n=18，年龄=63-74 岁；年轻组，n=23，19-25 岁）在最大运动期间的心肺功能和心肌功能。
在递增循环运动期间评估摄氧量（VO）、通气量（V）、心率（HR）、每搏量（SV）、心输出量（Q）、O 脉冲（Op）、射血前期（PEP）和左心室射血时间（LVET）。
HR 和 SV 在分别达到 75%和 50%峰值工作负荷之前，在年龄组之间保持相等。Q 在老年组和年轻组中分别增加了 2.5 和 4.5 倍。然而，Q/VO 比值在各个年龄和性别组中始终相似（约 0.50）。能量效率比（W/VO）在老年和年轻男性中也相似，但在女性中略低。在最大运动时，老年男性和女性的心肺反应均低于年轻男性和女性：VO（-40 至-50%）、V（-35 至-37%）、HR（-23%）、SV（-26 至-29%）、Q（-43 至-45%）和 Op（-15 至-20%）。老年组的心脏和 SV 指数分别比年轻组低约 42%和 25%。LVET 在老年个体中较长，而 PEP 在各个年龄组中相似。因此，老年男性和女性的 PEP/LVET 降低。
在健康和未用药的老年个体中，亚最大工作能力得以保留。两性最大运动能力的年龄相关性降低归因于心脏的变时和变力特性差。
