Salomonsson Björn
Department of Women's and Children's Health, Unit of Reproductive Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Int J Psychoanal. 2017 Dec;98(6):1597-1618. doi: 10.1111/1745-8315.12666. Epub 2017 May 19.
Parent-infant psychotherapy, a rather new field in psychoanalysis, raises questions of how to conceptualize the clinical process. Previous publications have used semiotic concepts to account for the therapist's non-verbal communication and investigated the countertransference, including what the baby might grasp of its variations. The present paper focuses on another argument for using verbal interventions to a baby in therapy; they present him with a symbolic order that differs from that of the parent. The qualitative difference between the parent's and the analyst's address is conceptualized by Dolto's term parler vrai. The therapeutic leverage is not the analytic interventions' lexical content but their message that words can be used to expose conflicts. Thereby, one can transform warded-off desires into demands that can be negotiated with one's objects. The reasons why this address catches the baby's attention are discussed. A prerequisite for such attention is that the infant brain is prewired for perceiving words as a special communicative mode. Relevant neuroscientific research is reviewed in regard to this question. The presentation relies on concepts by Dolto, Lacan and Winnicott and findings from neuroscience and developmental psychology. It also briefly discusses Chomsky's linguistic concepts in relation to these therapies.
亲子心理治疗是精神分析领域中一个相当新的领域，它引发了关于如何对临床过程进行概念化的问题。以往的出版物使用符号学概念来解释治疗师的非言语交流，并研究了反移情，包括婴儿可能如何理解其变化。本文关注治疗中对婴儿使用言语干预的另一个论点：它们为婴儿呈现了一种与父母不同的象征秩序。父母和分析师的言语表达之间的质的差异由多尔多的“说真话”一词来概念化。治疗的影响力不是分析干预的词汇内容，而是它们传达的信息，即言语可以用来揭示冲突。由此，人们可以将被压抑的欲望转化为可以与客体协商的要求。本文讨论了这种言语表达引起婴儿注意的原因。这种注意的一个先决条件是婴儿大脑预先设定为将言语视为一种特殊的交流方式。本文就这个问题回顾了相关的神经科学研究。本报告依赖于多尔多、拉康和温尼科特的概念以及神经科学和发展心理学的研究结果。它还简要讨论了乔姆斯基的语言概念与这些治疗方法的关系。
