Anjos Luiz A, Boileau Richard A, Misner James E
Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundacão Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801.
Am J Hum Biol. 1992;4(5):647-656. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.1310040511.
Maximal mechanical aerobic and anaerobic power outpout (POWER) on a cycle-ergometer were measured in 131 children (60 girls and 71 boys) 8 and 9 years of age attending a public school in a low-income area in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. Deficits in stature were classified relative to American reference data (NCHS) to identify three groups of children: Group A, Z-score of stature for age (S-Age) ≥ 0 (no deficit); Group B, - 1 < Z S-age < 0 (moderate deficits); and Group C, Z S-age ≤ -1 (greatest deficit). A two-way ANOVA with interaction was used to assess the influence of growth and sex on performance. There were no differences between sexes in anthropometric dimensions but boys had significantly greater estimated upper arm muscle + bone area than girls and also performed better on both tests. Deficits in stature negatively influenced (P < 0.05) aerobic and anaerobic function expressed in absolute values. However, when expressed in relation to body size, POWER and the anaerobic to aerobic ratio values were, in general, not significantly different among the groups. In conclusion, children living in underprivileged environments show deficits in growth, but appear to maintain a level of performance proportional to their smaller body size. From a practical point of view, however, the absolute functional capacity value may be more important, because under such underprivileged conditions, it is the total amount of work produced which determines work capacity in adult life and thus, may determine physical, economic, and social well-being. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
对巴西里约热内卢（RJ）低收入地区一所公立学校的131名8岁和9岁儿童（60名女孩和71名男孩）进行了在自行车测力计上的最大机械有氧和无氧功率输出（功率）测量。根据美国参考数据（NCHS）对身高不足进行分类，以确定三组儿童：A组，年龄别身高（S-年龄）的Z评分≥0（无不足）；B组，-1＜S-年龄Z评分＜0（中度不足）；C组，S-年龄Z评分≤-1（最大不足）。采用带有交互作用的双向方差分析来评估生长和性别对运动表现的影响。人体测量维度在性别之间没有差异，但男孩的估计上臂肌肉+骨面积明显大于女孩，并且在两项测试中的表现也更好。身高不足对以绝对值表示的有氧和无氧功能有负面影响（P＜0.05）。然而，当以与身体大小相关的方式表示时，功率以及无氧与有氧比率值在各组之间总体上没有显著差异。总之，生活在贫困环境中的儿童生长存在不足，但似乎保持了与其较小身体大小成比例的运动表现水平。然而，从实际角度来看，绝对功能能力值可能更重要，因为在这种贫困条件下，决定成年后工作能力的是所产生的工作总量，进而可能决定身体、经济和社会福祉。©1992威利 - 利斯公司。
