Beall Cynthia M, Goldstein Melvyn C
Department of Anthropology, 238 Mather Memorial Bldg., Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7125.
Am J Hum Biol. 1992;4(6):747-756. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.1310040606.
This paper presents information on body size, body composition, and fat patterning in a sample of 750 pastoral nomads aged 5 to 84 years, native residents of Moost district, Mongolia and evaluates the results from the perspective of morphological adaptation to a cold climate. Mongolian nomad men and children have average BMIs close to the U.S. 25th percentile while women have average BMIs close to the U.S. reference median. The prevalence of excess fatness assessed by the Arm Fat Index rises from 5 to 15% during childhood to 65% or more in each adult age-sex group except women 70+ years. The pattern of fat deposition is markedly central (abdominal) among women and children while it is normally so among men: women and children have a very high ratio of waist-to-hip circumference and children have a moderately high ratio of subscapular-to-triceps skinfold compared with other populations. A body composition favoring centrally deposited fat may be adaptive to a cold stressed population because it would aid in heat production (abdominal fat is thermogenic) and heat conservation (more spherical body size and better insulation) in the age-sex groups that are usually at a thermal disadvantage because of small body size and/or low basal metabolic rate relative to men. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
本文介绍了750名年龄在5至84岁之间的蒙古穆斯特地区本地游牧民样本的身体大小、身体成分和脂肪分布情况，并从对寒冷气候的形态适应角度评估了结果。蒙古游牧民男性和儿童的平均体重指数接近美国第25百分位数，而女性的平均体重指数接近美国参考中位数。通过手臂脂肪指数评估的超重患病率在儿童期从5%上升到15%，在每个成年年龄性别组中，除了70岁及以上的女性外，都上升到65%或更高。女性和儿童的脂肪沉积模式明显集中在腹部，而男性通常是正常的：与其他人群相比，女性和儿童的腰臀比非常高，儿童的肩胛下与三头肌皮褶厚度比也适中偏高。有利于脂肪集中沉积的身体成分可能对处于寒冷压力下的人群具有适应性，因为它有助于产热（腹部脂肪产热）和保暖（身体更接近球形且隔热性更好），在那些通常由于体型小和/或相对于男性基础代谢率低而处于热劣势的年龄性别组中。© 1992威利 - 利斯公司。
