Brandenburg Stefan, Oehl Michael, Seigies Kristin
a Department of Psychology and Ergonomics , Technische Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany.
b Traffic Science and Traffic Psychology , German Police University , Münster , Germany.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2017 Nov 17;18(8):807-812. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1316493. Epub 2017 May 19.
The objective of this article was 2-fold: firstly, we wanted to examine whether the original Driving Anger Scale (DAS) and the original Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX) apply to German professional taxi drivers because these scales have previously been given to professional and particularly to nonprofessional drivers in different countries. Secondly, we wanted to examine possible differences in driving anger experience and expression between professional German taxi drivers and nonprofessional German drivers.
We applied German versions of the DAS, the DAX, and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) to a sample of 138 professional German taxi drivers. We then compared their ratings to the ratings of a sample of 1,136 nonprofessional German drivers (Oehl and Brandenburg n.d. ).
Regarding our first objective, confirmatory factor analysis shows that the model fit of the DAS is better for nonprofessional drivers than for professional drivers. The DAX applies neither to professional nor to nonprofessional German drivers properly. Consequently, we suggest modified shorter versions of both scales for professional drivers. The STAXI applies to both professional and nonprofessional drivers. With respect to our second objective, we show that professional drivers experience significantly less driving anger than nonprofessional drivers, but they express more driving anger.
We conclude that the STAXI can be applied to professional German taxi drivers. In contrast, for the DAS and the DAX we found particular shorter versions for professional taxi drivers. Especially for the DAX, most statements were too strong for German drivers to agree to. They do not show behaviors related to driving anger expression as they are described in the DAX. These problems with the original American DAX items are in line with several other studies in different countries. Future investigations should examine whether (professional) drivers from further countries express their anger as proposed by the DAX. In addition, professional drivers experience less driving anger (DAS) and less general trait anger (STAXI) than nonprofessional drivers, but they report more driving anger expression (DAX) and more current general state anger (STAXI). Subsequent studies should therefore focus on different types of anger within the group of professional drivers.
本文的目的有两个：其一，我们想检验原始的驾驶愤怒量表（DAS）和原始的驾驶愤怒表达量表（DAX）是否适用于德国职业出租车司机，因为这些量表此前已应用于不同国家的职业司机，尤其是非职业司机。其二，我们想研究德国职业出租车司机与非职业德国司机在驾驶愤怒体验和表达方面可能存在的差异。
我们将DAS、DAX的德文版本以及状态 - 特质愤怒表达量表（STAXI）应用于138名德国职业出租车司机样本。然后，我们将他们的评分与1136名非职业德国司机样本（厄尔和勃兰登堡，未注明日期）的评分进行比较。
关于我们的第一个目标，验证性因素分析表明，DAS对非职业司机的模型拟合度比对职业司机更好。DAX对德国职业司机和非职业司机都不太适用。因此，我们建议为职业司机修改这两个量表的较短版本。STAXI适用于职业司机和非职业司机。关于我们的第二个目标，我们发现职业司机体验到的驾驶愤怒明显少于非职业司机，但他们表达的驾驶愤怒更多。
我们得出结论，STAXI可应用于德国职业出租车司机。相比之下，对于DAS和DAX，我们为职业出租车司机找到了特定的较短版本。特别是对于DAX，大多数陈述对德国司机来说过于强烈，以至于他们无法认同。他们并未表现出DAX中所描述的与驾驶愤怒表达相关的行为。美国原始DAX项目的这些问题与不同国家的其他几项研究一致。未来的调查应研究来自更多国家的（职业）司机是否如DAX所提议的那样表达愤怒。此外，职业司机比非职业司机体验到的驾驶愤怒（DAS）和一般特质愤怒（STAXI）更少，但他们报告的驾驶愤怒表达（DAX）和当前一般状态愤怒（STAXI）更多。因此，后续研究应关注职业司机群体中的不同类型愤怒。
