Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
Packaging Lab, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2017 Aug 2;254:36-46. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.05.007. Epub 2017 May 11.
Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus are the most common fungal species associated with aflatoxin (AF) contamination of cereals, especially maize, and other agricultural commodities. AFB the most frequent and toxic metabolite, is a powerful hepatotoxic, teratogenic and mutagenic compound. Effective strategies to control these fungal species and AFs in food and feed are required. Active packaging film containing essential oils (EO) is one of the most innovative food packaging concepts. In this study, ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer films incorporating EO from Origanum vulgare (ORE), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CIN) or their major active constituents, carvacrol (CAR) and cinnamaldehyde (CINHO), respectively, were developed and assayed to control growth of A. flavus and A. parasiticus and AF production in maize grains under different a and temperature regimens. EO doses assayed in cultures were in the range 0.25-4.0mg/Petri dish. The factors a, temperature, type of EVOH-EO film and fungal species significantly influenced the ED values of all assayed films. Growth rate (GR) of both species was usually higher at 0.99 than at 0.96 a and at 37°C than at 25°C. However, the contrary was found with regard to AF production. The order of efficacy of EVOH-EO films to control growth of both species and AF production was EVOH-CINHO>EVOH-CAR>EVOH-ORE>EVOH-CIN. The effective dose (ED) (mg EO/plate) for EVOH-CINHO and EVOH-CIN films against A. flavus were in the ranges of 0.125 and 2.475-3.500 and against A. parasiticus in the ranges of 0.121-0.133 and 2.275-3.625, respectively. Under the assayed conditions, the ED for EVOH-CINHO film were 0.22-0.23mg/plate for both species. It was the most effective bioactive film to control fungal growth (vapour phase) and AF production, regardless of a and temperature. This is the first study about the impact that interacting environmental conditions and bioactive EVOH-CINHO, EVOH-ORE, EVOH-CIN EVOH-CAR films have on the growth of aflatoxigenic fungi and on AF production in maize grains.
黄曲霉和寄生曲霉是与真菌毒素（AF）污染谷物，尤其是玉米和其他农产品有关的最常见真菌种类。AFB 是最常见和毒性最大的代谢物，是一种强大的肝毒素、致畸剂和诱变剂。需要采取有效的策略来控制这些真菌物种和食品及饲料中的 AF。含有精油（EO）的活性包装膜是最具创新性的食品包装概念之一。在这项研究中，我们开发了含有牛至（ORE）、肉桂（CIN）或其主要活性成分香芹酚（CAR）和肉桂醛（CINHO）的乙烯-乙烯醇（EVOH）共聚物膜，并评估了它们在不同 a 和温度条件下控制玉米中黄曲霉和寄生曲霉生长和产 AF 的能力。在培养物中测定的 EO 剂量范围为 0.25-4.0mg/培养皿。a、温度、EVOH-EO 膜的类型和真菌种类等因素均显著影响所有测试膜的 ED 值。两种真菌的生长速率（GR）通常在 0.99 时高于 0.96，在 37°C 时高于 25°C。然而，AF 产量却恰恰相反。控制两种真菌生长和 AF 产量的 EVOH-EO 膜的效能顺序为 EVOH-CINHO>EVOH-CAR>EVOH-ORE>EVOH-CIN。EVOH-CINHO 和 EVOH-CIN 膜对黄曲霉的有效剂量（ED）（mg EO/板）范围分别为 0.125 和 2.475-3.500，对寄生曲霉的 ED 范围分别为 0.121-0.133 和 2.275-3.625。在测试条件下，EVOH-CINHO 膜对两种真菌的 ED 分别为 0.22-0.23mg/板。它是控制真菌生长（气相）和 AF 产生的最有效生物活性膜，无论 a 和温度如何。这是第一项研究环境条件相互作用以及生物活性 EVOH-CINHO、EVOH-ORE、EVOH-CIN 和 EVOH-CAR 膜对黄曲霉菌生长和玉米中 AF 产生的影响。
