Loi Martina, Paciolla Costantino, Logrieco Antonio F, Mulè Giuseppina
Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, Bari, Italy.
Department of Biology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro, " Bari,Italy.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Mar 12;11:243. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00243. eCollection 2020.
Aflatoxins (AFs) are secondary metabolites produced by spp., known for their hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic activity in humans and animals. AF contamination of staple food commodities is a global concern due to their toxicity and the economic losses they cause. Different strategies have been applied to reduce fungal contamination and AF production. Among them, the use of natural, plant-derived compounds is emerging as a promising strategy to be applied to control both spoilage and AF contamination in food and feed commodities in an integrated pre- and postharvest management. In particular, phenols, aldehydes, and terpenes extracted from medicinal plants, spices, or fruits have been studied in depth. They can be easily extracted, they are generally recognized as safe (GRAS), and they are food-grade and act through a wide variety of mechanisms. This review investigated the main compounds with antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic activity, also elucidating their physiological role and the different modes of action and synergies. Plant bioactive compounds are shown to be effective in modulating spp. contamination and AF production both and . Therefore, their application in pre- and postharvest management could represent an important tool to control aflatoxigenic fungi and to reduce AF contamination.
黄曲霉毒素（AFs）是由某些物种产生的次生代谢产物，因其对人和动物具有肝毒性、致癌性和致突变性而闻名。主食商品受到AF污染是一个全球关注的问题，因为其毒性以及所造成的经济损失。人们已经采用了不同的策略来减少真菌污染和AF的产生。其中，使用天然的、植物来源的化合物正成为一种有前景的策略，可应用于在收获前和收获后的综合管理中控制食品和饲料商品的腐败以及AF污染。特别是，从药用植物、香料或水果中提取的酚类、醛类和萜类化合物已得到深入研究。它们易于提取，通常被认为是安全的（GRAS），并且是食品级的，其作用机制多种多样。本综述研究了具有抗真菌和抗黄曲霉毒素活性的主要化合物，还阐明了它们的生理作用以及不同的作用方式和协同作用。植物生物活性化合物已被证明在收获前和收获后均能有效调节某些物种的污染和AF的产生。因此，它们在收获前和收获后的管理中的应用可能是控制产黄曲霉毒素真菌和减少AF污染的重要工具。
