Warren Matthew, Hergoualc'h Kristell, Kauffman J Boone, Murdiyarso Daniel, Kolka Randall
USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 271 Mast Rd., Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
Center for International Forestry Research, CIFOR c/o Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), Av. La Molina 1895, La Molina, Apdo postal 1558, 15024 , Lima, Peru.
Carbon Balance Manag. 2017 Dec;12(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s13021-017-0080-2. Epub 2017 May 19.
A large proportion of the world's tropical peatlands occur in Indonesia where rapid conversion and associated losses of carbon, biodiversity and ecosystem services have brought peatland management to the forefront of Indonesia's climate mitigation efforts. We evaluated peat volume from two commonly referenced maps of peat distribution and depth published by Wetlands International (WI) and the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), and used regionally specific values of carbon density to calculate carbon stocks.
Peatland extent and volume published in the MoA maps are lower than those in the WI maps, resulting in lower estimates of carbon storage. We estimate Indonesia's total peat carbon store to be within 13.6 GtC (the low MoA map estimate) and 40.5 GtC (the high WI map estimate) with a best estimate of 28.1 GtC: the midpoint of medium carbon stock estimates derived from WI (30.8 GtC) and MoA (25.3 GtC) maps. This estimate is about half of previous assessments which used an assumed average value of peat thickness for all Indonesian peatlands, and revises the current global tropical peat carbon pool to 75 GtC. Yet, these results do not diminish the significance of Indonesia's peatlands, which store an estimated 30% more carbon than the biomass of all Indonesian forests. The largest discrepancy between maps is for the Papua province, which accounts for 62-71% of the overall differences in peat area, volume and carbon storage. According to the MoA map, 80% of Indonesian peatlands are <300 cm thick and thus vulnerable to conversion outside of protected areas according to environmental regulations. The carbon contained in these shallower peatlands is conservatively estimated to be 10.6 GtC, equivalent to 42% of Indonesia's total peat carbon and about 12 years of global emissions from land use change at current rates.
Considering the high uncertainties in peatland extent, volume and carbon storage revealed in this assessment of current maps, a systematic revision of Indonesia's peat maps to produce a single geospatial reference that is universally accepted would improve national peat carbon storage estimates and greatly benefit carbon cycle research, land use management and spatial planning.
世界上很大一部分热带泥炭地位于印度尼西亚，泥炭地的迅速转变以及随之而来的碳、生物多样性和生态系统服务的损失，使泥炭地管理成为印度尼西亚气候缓解努力的前沿问题。我们根据湿地国际（WI）和印度尼西亚农业部（MoA）发布的两份常用泥炭分布和深度参考地图评估了泥炭体积，并使用区域特定的碳密度值来计算碳储量。
农业部地图中公布的泥炭地范围和体积低于湿地国际地图中的数据，导致碳储量估计值较低。我们估计印度尼西亚的泥炭碳总储量在13.6亿吨碳（农业部地图的低估值）至40.5亿吨碳（湿地国际地图的高估值）之间，最佳估计值为28.1亿吨碳：这是根据湿地国际（30.8亿吨碳）和农业部（25.3亿吨碳）地图得出的中等碳储量估计值的中点。这一估计值约为先前评估值的一半，先前评估使用的是所有印度尼西亚泥炭地的假定平均泥炭厚度值，并将当前全球热带泥炭碳库修订为75亿吨碳。然而，这些结果并未削弱印度尼西亚泥炭地的重要性，其储存的碳估计比印度尼西亚所有森林的生物量多30%。地图之间最大的差异出现在巴布亚省，该省占泥炭面积、体积和碳储量总体差异的62%-71%。根据农业部地图，80%的印度尼西亚泥炭地厚度小于300厘米，因此根据环境法规，在保护区外容易被转变用途。据保守估计，这些较浅泥炭地所含的碳为10.6亿吨碳，相当于印度尼西亚泥炭碳总量的42%，按当前速度计算，约相当于土地利用变化产生的全球排放量的12年。
考虑到本次对现有地图评估中泥炭地范围、体积和碳储量存在的高度不确定性，对印度尼西亚的泥炭地图进行系统修订，以生成一个普遍接受的单一地理空间参考，将改善国家泥炭碳储量估计，并极大地有利于碳循环研究、土地利用管理和空间规划。
