Biology Department II, GeoBio Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Dec 15;106(50):21213-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0906457106. Epub 2009 Nov 25.
During the 1997/98 El Niño-induced drought peatland fires in Indonesia may have released 13-40% of the mean annual global carbon emissions from fossil fuels. One major unknown in current peatland emission estimations is how much peat is combusted by fire. Using a light detection and ranging data set acquired in Central Kalimantan, Borneo, in 2007, one year after the severe peatland fires of 2006, we determined an average burn scar depth of 0.33 +/- 0.18 m. Based on this result and the burned area determined from satellite imagery, we estimate that within the 2.79 million hectare study area 49.15 +/- 26.81 megatons of carbon were released during the 2006 El Niño episode. This represents 10-33% of all carbon emissions from transport for the European Community in the year 2006. These emissions, originating from a comparatively small area (approximately 13% of the Indonesian peatland area), underline the importance of peat fires in the context of green house gas emissions and global warming. In the past decade severe peat fires occurred during El Niño-induced droughts in 1997, 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2009. Currently, this important source of carbon emissions is not included in IPCC carbon accounting or in regional and global carbon emission models. Precise spatial measurements of peat combusted and potential avoided emissions in tropical peat swamp forests will also be required for future emission trading schemes in the framework of Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation in developing countries.
在 1997/98 年厄尔尼诺现象引发的印度尼西亚干旱泥炭地火灾中，可能释放了全球化石燃料年均碳排放量的 13-40%。当前泥炭地排放估算中的一个主要未知数是有多少泥炭被火灾燃烧。我们利用 2007 年在婆罗洲加里曼丹中部获取的一套激光雷达数据集，该数据集是在 2006 年严重泥炭地火灾发生一年后获取的，确定了平均燃烧疤痕深度为 0.33 +/- 0.18 米。根据这一结果和卫星图像确定的燃烧面积，我们估计在 279 万公顷的研究区内，2006 年厄尔尼诺事件期间释放了 491.5 +/- 268.1 百万吨碳。这代表了欧洲共同体 2006 年交通运输业所有碳排放量的 10-33%。这些排放物源自一个相对较小的地区（约占印度尼西亚泥炭地面积的 13%），突显了泥炭火灾在温室气体排放和全球变暖方面的重要性。在过去十年中，严重的泥炭火灾发生在 1997 年、2002 年、2004 年、2006 年和 2009 年的厄尔尼诺现象引发的干旱期间。目前，这一重要的碳排放量源并未被纳入 IPCC 的碳核算或区域和全球碳排放模型中。在发展中国家减少毁林和森林退化所致排放量的框架内，未来的排放交易计划也将需要对热带泥炭沼泽森林中燃烧的泥炭和潜在避免排放进行精确的空间测量。
