Chauvel Guillaume, Palluel Estelle, Brandao Arthur, Barbieri Guillaume, Nougier Vincent, Olivier Isabelle
Univ Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, TIMC-IMAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
Univ Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, TIMC-IMAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
Gait Posture. 2017 Jul;56:95-99. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.04.034. Epub 2017 May 6.
The amount of attentional resources necessary to walk in children, and how they evolve during childhood remains unclear. This study examined children's gait parameters in different dual-task conditions. 53 children, divided into two age groups (7-9 and 10-12 years old), and 18 adults walked on a mat in three different cognitive conditions: watching a video (video condition), listening its soundtrack (audio condition), and without any additional task (control condition). Questions were asked at the end of the video and audio conditions to make sure that participants were paying attention to the stimuli. A GAITRite® system was used for recording the gait data. Results showed an increase of velocity and step duration, and a decrease of cadence and percentage of double limb support duration from 7 years of age to adulthood during dual-task walking compared with single-task walking. This improvement seemed to be linear from 7 years to adults' age. The interference of dual-task on gait was larger for the video than for the auditory task and decreased with age. We concluded that walking requires a significant amount of attentional resources in children and that children rely more than adults on visual processes for walking.
儿童行走所需的注意力资源量以及这些资源在儿童期如何发展仍不清楚。本研究考察了不同双任务条件下儿童的步态参数。53名儿童分为两个年龄组（7至9岁和10至12岁），18名成年人在三种不同认知条件下在垫子上行走：观看视频（视频条件）、听其配乐（音频条件）以及无任何额外任务（对照条件）。在视频和音频条件结束时会提问，以确保参与者关注刺激。使用GAITRite®系统记录步态数据。结果显示，与单任务行走相比，双任务行走时从7岁到成年，速度和步长增加，步频和双支撑持续时间百分比降低。这种改善从7岁到成年似乎呈线性。双任务对步态的干扰在视频任务中比在听觉任务中更大，且随年龄降低。我们得出结论，儿童行走需要大量注意力资源，并且儿童在行走时比成年人更依赖视觉过程。
