Tanwar P D, Ghorui S K, Kochar S K, Singh Raghvendar, Patil N V
S P Medical College & Hospital, Bikaner, 334003, Rajasthan, India.
National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner, 334003, Rajasthan, India.
Toxicon. 2017 Aug;134:1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.05.012. Epub 2017 May 17.
Snakebite is a significant cause of death and disability in subsistent farming populations of rural India. Antivenom is the most effective treatment of envenoming and is manufactured from IgG of venom-immunised horses. Because of complex fiscal reasons, the production, testing and delivery of antivenoms designed to treat envenoming by the most medically-important snakes in the region has been questioned time to time. In this study, we report successful immunisation of dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius) against the venom of Indian saw-scaled Viper- Echis carinatus sochureki. This study assessed the specificity and potential of camels immunised with venom of medically most important snake of Western India, the saw-scaled viper (Echis c. sochureki). Using WHO standard pre-clinical in vivo tests the neutralisation of the venom responsible for the lethal, haemorrhagic, coagulant and local necrotizing activities were measured, since these are the most significant effects that characterize envenoming by this species. The anti-venom was found significantly effective in the neutralisation of all these effects tested and thus, revealed further an immunological perspective, that camel IgG anti-venom (monospecific) would be as efficacious as specific equine anti-venoms or even of better choice in treating snake specific envenoming.
在印度农村的自给农业人口中，蛇咬伤是导致死亡和残疾的一个重要原因。抗蛇毒血清是治疗蛇毒中毒最有效的方法，它是由经蛇毒免疫的马的免疫球蛋白G制成的。由于复杂的财政原因，用于治疗该地区医学上最重要的蛇所致蛇毒中毒的抗蛇毒血清的生产、检测和供应一直受到质疑。在本研究中，我们报告了单峰骆驼（骆驼属单峰驼）成功免疫印度锯鳞蝰蛇（Echis carinatus sochureki）毒液的情况。本研究评估了用印度西部医学上最重要的蛇——锯鳞蝰蛇（Echis c. sochureki）毒液免疫的骆驼的特异性和潜力。使用世界卫生组织标准的临床前体内试验来测定对导致致死、出血、凝血和局部坏死活性的毒液的中和作用，因为这些是该物种蛇毒中毒的最显著特征。结果发现，这种抗蛇毒血清在中和所有这些测试效应方面具有显著效果，因此，从免疫学角度进一步表明，骆驼免疫球蛋白G抗蛇毒血清（单特异性）在治疗特定蛇类的蛇毒中毒方面将与特定的马源抗蛇毒血清一样有效，甚至是更好的选择。
