Calvete Juan J, Arias Ana Silvia, Rodríguez Yania, Quesada-Bernat Sarai, Sánchez Laura V, Chippaux Jean Philippe, Pla Davinia, Gutiérrez José María
Laboratorio de Venómica Estructural y Funcional, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Valencia, Spain.
Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
Toxicon. 2016 Sep 1;119:280-8. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.06.022. Epub 2016 Jul 1.
Snakebite envenoming has a heavy burden in the public health in sub-Saharan Africa. The viperid species Echis ocellatus (carpet viper or saw-scaled viper) is the medically most important snake in the savannahs of western sub-Saharan Africa. Several antivenoms are being distributed and used in this region for the treatment of envenomings by E. ocellatus, but the preclinical efficacy of some of these antivenoms has not been assessed. The present study evaluated the preclinical efficacy against E. ocellatus venom of three polyspecific antivenoms: (a) Snake Venom Antiserum (Pan Africa), manufactured by Premium Serums and Vaccines (India); (b) Snake Venom Antiserum (Africa), manufactured by VINS Bioproducts (India); and (c) Antivipmyn(®) Africa, manufactured by Instituto Bioclon (Mexico). Antivenomics analysis revealed the ability of the three antivenoms to immunocapture the majority of components of the venoms of E. ocellatus from Cameroon, Nigeria and Mali, although their maximal immunocapturing capability varied. Bioclon and Premium Serums antivenoms were effective in the neutralization of lethal, hemorrhagic and in vitro coagulant activities of the venom of E. ocellatus from Cameroon, albeit with different potencies. VINS antivenom neutralized hemorrhagic activity of this venom, but failed to neutralize lethality at the highest antivenom dose tested, and had a low neutralizing efficacy against in vitro coagulant effect.
蛇咬伤中毒在撒哈拉以南非洲的公共卫生领域负担沉重。蝰蛇科锯鳞蝰属物种Echis ocellatus（地毯蝰蛇或锯鳞蝰蛇）是撒哈拉以南非洲西部大草原地区医学上最重要的蛇类。该地区正在分发和使用几种抗蛇毒血清来治疗E. ocellatus导致的中毒，但其中一些抗蛇毒血清的临床前疗效尚未评估。本研究评估了三种多价抗蛇毒血清对E. ocellatus毒液的临床前疗效：(a) 由印度优质血清与疫苗公司生产的蛇毒抗血清（泛非）；(b) 由印度VINS生物制品公司生产的蛇毒抗血清（非洲）；以及(c) 由墨西哥生物克隆研究所生产的非洲抗蝰蛇毒血清（Antivipmyn(®) Africa）。抗蛇毒血清组学分析显示，这三种抗蛇毒血清能够免疫捕获来自喀麦隆、尼日利亚和马里的E. ocellatus毒液的大部分成分，尽管它们的最大免疫捕获能力有所不同。生物克隆研究所和优质血清公司生产的抗蛇毒血清对喀麦隆的E. ocellatus毒液的致死、出血和体外凝血活性具有中和作用，尽管效力不同。VINS抗蛇毒血清中和了这种毒液的出血活性，但在测试的最高抗蛇毒血清剂量下未能中和致死性，并且对体外凝血作用的中和效力较低。
