Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2017 Sep;182:681-690. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.051. Epub 2017 May 11.
The aim of this study was to develop and calibrate a macroporous ceramic passive sampler (MCPS) for the monitoring of anticancer drugs in wastewater. This system was designed by the Spanish Research Council (CSIC) and consists in a porous ceramic tube to allow a high diffusion of contaminants. The MCPS has been calibrated for 16 cytostatic drugs over time periods up to 9 d in spiked water under controlled laboratory conditions. Optimal uptake was accomplished for 7 compounds, namely ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide, capecitabine, prednisone, megestrol, cyproterone and mycophenolic acid, whereas cytarabine was not adsorbed in the receiving phase and the rest were hydrolyzed over the deployment period. The sampling rate for these 7 compounds was between 0.825 and 3.350 mL day and the diffusion coefficients varied from 1.01E-07 to 4.12E-07 cm s. To prove the applicability of the MCPSs, samplers (n = 3) were deployed in influent and effluent waters of a WWTP for a period of 6 d and results were compared to grab sampling and extraction with Solid Phase Extraction (SPE). In influent waters, MCPS were clogged due to the high amount of suspended solids in these waters. In effluents, MCPS detected cyclophosphamide and mycophenolic acid at concentrations of 19 ± 3 and 136 ± 28 ng L with a good agreement with the levels obtained by grab sampling. The study discusses the use and performance of the MCPS for the monitoring of stable cytostatic compounds in a complex matrix such as wastewater.
本研究旨在开发和校准一种用于监测废水中抗癌药物的大孔陶瓷被动采样器（MCPS）。该系统由西班牙研究理事会（CSIC）设计，由多孔陶瓷管组成，以允许污染物的高扩散。MCPS 在受控制的实验室条件下，在加标水中经过长达 9 天的时间进行了 16 种细胞抑制剂药物的校准。对于 7 种化合物，即异环磷酰胺、环磷酰胺、卡培他滨、泼尼松、甲地孕酮、环丙孕酮和霉酚酸，实现了最佳的吸收，而阿糖胞苷在接收相中未被吸附，其余的在部署期间被水解。这 7 种化合物的采样速率在 0.825 到 3.350 mL/天之间，扩散系数在 1.01E-07 到 4.12E-07 cm/s 之间变化。为了证明 MCPS 的适用性，将采样器（n=3）在一个 WWTP 的进水和出水处部署了 6 天，并将结果与Grab 采样和固相萃取（SPE）提取进行了比较。在进水中，由于这些水中悬浮物含量很高，MCPS 被堵塞。在出水中，MCPS 检测到环磷酰胺和霉酚酸的浓度分别为 19 ± 3 和 136 ± 28 ng/L，与 Grab 采样获得的水平具有良好的一致性。该研究讨论了 MCPS 在监测复杂基质（如废水）中稳定细胞抑制剂化合物时的使用和性能。
