School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Adv Microb Physiol. 2017;70:123-191. doi: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2017.01.002. Epub 2017 Feb 20.
Trace metals such as Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu are essential for various biological functions including proper innate immune function. The host immune system has complicated and coordinated mechanisms in place to either starve and/or overload invading pathogens with various metals to combat the infection. Here, we discuss the roles of Fe, Mn and Zn in terms of nutritional immunity, and also the roles of Cu and Zn in metal overload in relation to the physiology and pathogenesis of two human streptococcal species, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. S. pneumoniae is a major human pathogen that is carried asymptomatically in the nasopharynx by up to 70% of the population; however, transition to internal sites can cause a range of diseases such as pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis and bacteraemia. S. pyogenes is a human pathogen responsible for diseases ranging from pharyngitis and impetigo, to severe invasive infections. Both species have overlapping capacity with respect to metal acquisition, export and regulation and how metal homeostasis relates to their virulence and ability to invade and survive within the host. It is becoming more apparent that metals have an important role to play in the control of infection, and with further investigations, it could lead to the potential use of metals in novel antimicrobial therapies.
痕量金属如铁、锰、锌和铜对于各种生物功能都是必需的，包括适当的先天免疫功能。宿主免疫系统具有复杂而协调的机制，可以用各种金属来饥饿和/或超载入侵病原体，以抵抗感染。在这里，我们讨论了铁、锰和锌在营养免疫方面的作用，以及铜和锌在与两种人类链球菌（肺炎链球菌和化脓性链球菌）的生理学和发病机制相关的金属超载方面的作用。肺炎链球菌是一种主要的人类病原体，70%的人口无症状携带在鼻咽部；然而，向内部部位的转移会导致一系列疾病，如肺炎、中耳炎、脑膜炎和菌血症。化脓性链球菌是一种人类病原体，可引起从咽炎和脓疱疮到严重侵袭性感染等各种疾病。这两种细菌在金属获取、输出和调节方面具有重叠的能力，以及金属动态平衡如何与它们的毒力以及在宿主内入侵和存活的能力相关。越来越明显的是，金属在控制感染方面发挥着重要作用，进一步的研究可能会导致将金属用于新型抗菌治疗。
