Abraham John M, Meltzer Stephen J
Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology Division and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287.
Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology Division and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287.
Gastroenterology. 2017 Jul;153(1):27-34. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.04.046. Epub 2017 May 18.
For many years, only a small fraction of the human genome was believed to regulate cell function and development. This protein-coding portion composed only 1% to 2% of 3 billion human DNA base pairs-the remaining sequence was classified as junk DNA. Subsequent research has revealed that most of the genome is transcribed into a broad array of noncoding RNAs, ranging in size from microRNA (20-23 nucleotides) to long noncoding RNA (lncRNA, more than 200 nucleotides). These noncoding RNA classes have been shown to use diverse molecular mechanisms to control gene expression and organ system development. As anticipated, alterations in this large control system can contribute to disease pathogenesis and carcinogenesis. We review the involvement of noncoding RNAs, lncRNAs in particular, in development of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal carcinoma.
多年来，人们一直认为只有一小部分人类基因组调控细胞功能和发育。这一蛋白质编码部分仅占30亿个人类DNA碱基对的1%至2%，其余序列被归类为垃圾DNA。随后的研究表明，基因组的大部分被转录成各种各样的非编码RNA，其大小从微小RNA（20 - 23个核苷酸）到长链非编码RNA（lncRNA，超过200个核苷酸）不等。这些非编码RNA类别已被证明利用多种分子机制来控制基因表达和器官系统发育。不出所料，这个庞大控制系统的改变会导致疾病发病机制和致癌作用。我们综述了非编码RNA，特别是lncRNA在巴雷特食管和食管癌发生发展中的作用。
