García González Juan Manuel, Grande Rafael
Departamento de Sociología, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, España.
Departamento de Derecho del Estado y Sociología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España.
Gac Sanit. 2018 Mar-Apr;32(2):151-157. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2017.03.004. Epub 2017 May 19.
To calculate and analyse the contributions of changes in mortality by age groups and selected causes of death to sex differences in life expectancy at birth in Spain from 1980 to 2012.
Cross-sectional study with three time points (1980, 1995, and 2012). We used data from Human Cause-of-Death Database and Human Mortality Database. We use a decomposition method of the differences in life expectancy and gender differences in life expectancy from changes in mortality by 5-year age groups and causes of death between women and men.
From 1980 to 1995, the lower mortality of women from 25 years old, and the differences in mortality by HIV/AIDS, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases contributed to the gap increase. From 1995 to 2012, greatest improvement in mortality of males under 74 years of age, and in improving male mortality from HIV/AIDS, acute myocardial infarction and traffic accidents contributed to the narrowing.
The difference in life expectancy at birth between men and women has decreased since 1995 due to a greater improvement in mortality from causes of death associated with risky behaviours and habits of the working age male population.
计算并分析1980年至2012年西班牙按年龄组划分的死亡率变化以及特定死因对出生时预期寿命性别差异的贡献。
采用包含三个时间点（1980年、1995年和2012年）的横断面研究。我们使用了来自人类死因数据库和人类死亡率数据库的数据。我们运用了一种分解方法，根据5岁年龄组的死亡率变化以及男女之间的死因差异，分析预期寿命差异和预期寿命的性别差异。
1980年至1995年，25岁及以上女性较低的死亡率，以及艾滋病、肺癌和慢性阻塞性肺疾病的死亡率差异导致了差距扩大。1995年至2012年，74岁以下男性死亡率的最大改善，以及男性艾滋病、急性心肌梗死和交通事故死亡率的改善导致了差距缩小。
自1995年以来，男性和女性出生时预期寿命的差异有所下降，这是由于与工作年龄男性群体的危险行为和习惯相关的死因死亡率有了更大改善。
