Novikov Nikita A, Nurislamova Yulia M, Zhozhikashvili Natalia A, Kalenkovich Evgenii E, Lapina Anna A, Chernyshev Boris V
Laboratory of Cognitive Psychophysiology, National Research University-Higher School of EconomicsMoscow, Russia.
Department of Higher Nervous Activity, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 May 5;11:218. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00218. eCollection 2017.
Cognitive control includes maintenance of task-specific processes related to attention, and non-specific regulation of motor threshold. Depending upon the nature of the behavioral tasks, these mechanisms may predispose to different kinds of errors, with either increased or decreased response time (RT) of erroneous responses relative to correct responses. Specifically, slow responses are related to attentional lapses and decision uncertainty, these conditions tending to delay RTs of both erroneous and correct responses. Here we studied if RT may be a valid approximation distinguishing trials with high and low levels of sustained attention and decision uncertainty. We analyzed response-related and feedback-related modulations in theta, alpha and beta band activity in the auditory version of the two-choice condensation task, which is highly demanding for sustained attention while involves no inhibition of prepotent responses. Depending upon response speed and accuracy, trials were divided into slow correct, slow erroneous, fast correct and fast erroneous. We found that error-related frontal midline theta (FMT) was present only on fast erroneous trials. The feedback-related FMT was equally strong on slow erroneous and fast erroneous trials. Late post-response posterior alpha suppression was stronger on erroneous slow trials. Feedback-related frontal beta was present only on slow correct trials. The data obtained cumulatively suggests that RT allows distinguishing the two types of trials, with fast trials related to higher levels of attention and low uncertainty, and slow trials related to lower levels of attention and higher uncertainty.
认知控制包括维持与注意力相关的特定任务过程，以及对运动阈值的非特定调节。根据行为任务的性质，这些机制可能导致不同类型的错误，错误反应的反应时间（RT）相对于正确反应可能增加或减少。具体而言，反应缓慢与注意力不集中和决策不确定性有关，这些情况往往会延迟错误反应和正确反应的反应时间。在这里，我们研究了反应时间是否可以作为区分持续注意力和决策不确定性水平高低的试验的有效近似指标。我们分析了二选一缩合任务听觉版本中，与反应相关和反馈相关的θ波、α波和β波活动调制，该任务对持续注意力要求很高，且不涉及对优势反应的抑制。根据反应速度和准确性，试验分为慢速正确、慢速错误、快速正确和快速错误四类。我们发现，与错误相关的额中线θ波（FMT）仅出现在快速错误试验中。与反馈相关的FMT在慢速错误和快速错误试验中同样强烈。反应后晚期后α波抑制在错误的慢速试验中更强。与反馈相关的额叶β波仅出现在慢速正确试验中。累积获得的数据表明，反应时间能够区分这两种类型的试验，快速试验与较高水平的注意力和较低的不确定性相关，而慢速试验与较低水平的注意力和较高的不确定性相关。
