Sweeney Allison M, Wilson Dawn K, Lee Van Horn M
Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1233 Washington Street, 9th Floor, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017 May 22;14(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s12966-017-0523-x.
Engaging in regular physical activity (PA) as an older adult has been associated with numerous physical and mental health benefits. The aim of this study is to directly compare how individual-level cognitive factors (self-efficacy for PA, self-determined motivation for PA, self-concept for PA) and neighborhood perceptions of the social factors (neighborhood satisfaction, neighborhood social life) impact moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) longitudinally among older African American adults.
Data were analyzed from a sub-set of older African American adults (N = 224, M = 63.23 years, SD = 8.74, 63.23% female, M = 32.01, SD = 7.52) enrolled in the Positive Action for Today's Health trial. MVPA was assessed using 7-day accelerometry-estimates and psychosocial data (self-efficacy for PA, self-determined motivation for PA, self-concept for PA, neighborhood satisfaction, neighborhood social life) were collected at baseline, 12-, 18-, and 24-months.
Multilevel growth modeling was used to examine within- and between-person effects of individual-level cognitive and social environmental factors on MVPA. At the between-person level, self-concept (b = 0.872, SE = 0.239, p < 0.001), and neighborhood social life (b = 0.826, SE = 0.176, p < 0.001) predicted greater MVPA, whereas neighborhood satisfaction predicted lower MVPA (b = -0.422, SE = 0.172, p = 0.015). Among the between-person effects, only average social life was moderated by time (b = 0.361, SE = 0.147, p = 0.014), indicating that the impact of a relatively positive social life on MVPA increased across time. At the within-person level, positive increases in self-concept (b = 0.294, SE = 0.145, p = 0.043) and neighborhood social life (b = 0.270, SE = 0.113, p = 0.017) were associated with increased MVPA.
These results suggest that people with a higher average self-concept for PA and a more positive social life engaged in greater average MVPA. Additionally, changes in perceptions of one's neighborhood social life and one's self-concept for PA were associated with greater MVPA over 2 years. These factors may be particularly relevant for future interventions targeting long-term change and maintenance of MVPA in older African Americans.
ClinicalTrials.Gov # NCT01025726 registered 1 December 2009.
作为老年人参与定期体育活动（PA）与众多身心健康益处相关。本研究的目的是直接比较个体层面的认知因素（PA自我效能感、PA自我决定动机、PA自我概念）以及邻里对社会因素的认知（邻里满意度、邻里社交生活）如何在老年非裔美国成年人中纵向影响中度至剧烈体育活动（MVPA）。
对参与“今日健康积极行动”试验的老年非裔美国成年人子集（N = 224，M = 63.23岁，SD = 8.74，63.23%为女性，M = 32.01，SD = 7.52）的数据进行分析。使用7天加速度计估计值评估MVPA，并在基线、12个月、18个月和24个月时收集心理社会数据（PA自我效能感、PA自我决定动机、PA自我概念、邻里满意度、邻里社交生活）。
采用多水平增长模型来检验个体层面认知和社会环境因素对MVPA的个体内和个体间效应。在个体间层面，自我概念（b = 0.872，SE = 0.239，p < 0.001）和邻里社交生活（b = 0.826，SE = 0.176，p < 0.001）预测更高的MVPA，而邻里满意度预测更低的MVPA（b = -0.422，SE = 0.172，p = 0.015）。在个体间效应中，只有平均社交生活受时间调节（b = 0.361，SE = 0.147，p = 0.014），表明相对积极的社交生活对MVPA的影响随时间增加。在个体内层面，自我概念（b = 0.294，SE = 0.145，p = 0.043）和邻里社交生活（b = 0.270，SE = 0.113，p = 0.017）的正向增加与MVPA增加相关。
这些结果表明，PA平均自我概念较高且社交生活更积极的人参与的平均MVPA更多。此外，对邻里社交生活和PA自我概念的认知变化与2年内更高的MVPA相关。这些因素可能与未来针对老年非裔美国人MVPA的长期改变和维持的干预措施特别相关。
ClinicalTrials.Gov # NCT01025726，于2009年12月1日注册。
