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[作为2013年欧盟安全标准的结果的新辐射防护法]

[The new law on radiation protection as a consequence of the EU safety standard of 2013].

作者信息

Layer G

机构信息

Zentralinstitut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum Ludwigshafen gGmbH, 67063, Ludwigshafen, Deutschland.

出版信息

Radiologe. 2017 Jul;57(7):521-527. doi: 10.1007/s00117-017-0263-6.

Abstract

The transformation of a European guideline (2013/59/Euratom) from 2013 into national law requires adaptation of the national statutory regulations. This year, all areas of protection from ionizing radiation will be subject to the new radiation protection law (StrlSchG). Through this, the German X‑ray and Radiation Protection Acts will be combined to form a higher level of authority. The main parts of the StrlSchG will receive a new classification and will be organized according to the exposure scenario: radiation protection in planned exposure scenarios, radiation protection in emergency exposure scenarios, radiation protection in existing exposure scenarios, and the regulation of overall exposure scenarios. The most important or modified regulated points for radiology are concerned with early recognition, where the application of X‑ray or nuclear radiation is permitted in principle under certain conditions; the consultation of medical physics experts in all diagnostic investigative procedures involving radiation and applications for radiological intervention that are linked to high doses in the person under investigation; teleradiology, another special case of the application of X‑rays in humans that requires approval, now with the "required" technical qualification in radiation protection, formerly with the "full" technical qualification, in addition to research, the simplified approval procedure being substituted with a notification procedure.Furthermore, in contrast to previous regulations, those tasked with radiation protection can contact the regulators directly in the case of conflict, which indicates considerable reinforcement of their authority.The only dose limit that will be considerably reduced is the organ-specific equivalent dose of the eye lens, where the highest value will be reduced from 150 to 20 mSv per year in those who are exposed to radiation professionally.

摘要

将2013年的一项欧洲指南(2013/59/Euratom)转化为国内法需要对国家法规进行调整。今年,电离辐射防护的所有领域都将适用新的辐射防护法(StrlSchG)。由此,德国的《X射线与辐射防护法》将合并,形成一个更高层级的权威体系。StrlSchG的主要部分将进行新的分类,并根据照射场景进行编排:计划照射场景中的辐射防护、应急照射场景中的辐射防护、现有照射场景中的辐射防护以及总体照射场景的规定。放射学最重要或修改后的监管要点涉及早期识别,即在某些条件下原则上允许使用X射线或核辐射;在所有涉及辐射的诊断检查程序以及与受检者高剂量相关的放射介入应用中咨询医学物理专家;远程放射学,这是X射线在人体应用中的另一个特殊情况,现在需要“必需的”辐射防护技术资质才能批准,以前需要“全面的”技术资质,此外,除研究外,简化的批准程序被通知程序取代。此外,与以前的规定不同,负责辐射防护的人员在发生冲突时可直接联系监管机构,这表明其权力得到了大幅加强。唯一将大幅降低的剂量限值是眼晶状体的器官特异性当量剂量,职业受照人员的最高值将从每年150毫希沃特降至20毫希沃特。

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