Ardila Alfredo, Rubio-Bruno Silvia
a Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders , Florida International University , Miami , Florida , USA.
b Fundación Argentina de Afasia "Charlotte Schwarz" , Buenos Aires , Argentina.
Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2018 Sep-Oct;25(5):434-440. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2017.1323753. Epub 2017 May 23.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the question: how do people with aphasia experience the world? Three questions are approached: (1) how is behavior controlled in aphasia, considering that a normal linguistic control is no longer available; (2) what is the pattern of intellectual abilities in aphasia; and (3) what do aphasia patients' self-report regarding the experience of living without language. In aphasia, behavior can no longer be controlled through the "second signal system" and only the first signal system remains. Available information suggests that sometimes no verbal abilities may be affected in aphasia. However, an important variability is observed: whereas, in some patients, evident nonverbal defects are found; in other patients, performance verbal abilities are within normal limits. Several self-reports of recovered aphasic patients explain the experience of living without language. Considering that language represents the major instrument of cognition, in aphasia, surrounding information is evidently interpreted in a partially different way and cognitive strategies are reorganized, resulting in an idiosyncratic cognitive world.
失语症患者如何体验世界？研究探讨了三个问题：（1）考虑到正常的语言控制不再可行，失语症患者的行为是如何被控制的；（2）失语症患者的智力能力模式是怎样的；（3）失语症患者关于无语言生活体验的自我报告是什么。在失语症中，行为不再能通过“第二信号系统”来控制，只剩下第一信号系统。现有信息表明，失语症有时可能不会影响言语能力。然而，观察到一个重要的变异性：在一些患者中，发现明显的非言语缺陷；而在其他患者中，言语能力表现处于正常范围内。几位康复的失语症患者的自我报告解释了无语言生活的体验。考虑到语言是认知的主要工具，在失语症中，周围信息显然会以部分不同的方式被解读，认知策略也会重新组织，从而形成一个独特的认知世界。
