Department of Forest Ecology and Reclamation, Institute of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29-go Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków, Poland.
Department of Forest Ecology and Reclamation, Institute of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29-go Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 1;599-600:1630-1637. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.079. Epub 2017 May 19.
The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting spring water chemistry in different tree stands and to measure the influence of water stage on the physicochemical parameters of spring waters in a small Carpathian catchment. Water samples were collected three times per year at various stages of the water: after the spring thaw, after a period of heavy rain and after a dry period in 2011 and 2012. Water samples were left in the laboratory to reach room temperature (19-20°C) and analyzed for EC (reference T=25°C) and pH. After filtration through 0.45μm PTFE syringe filters, the water samples were analyzed by means of ion chromatography using a DIONEX ICS 5000 unit. The following ions were analyzed: Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO, SO, Cl, and NO. Multivariate analysis (PCA) allowed the identification of two factors of spring water chemistry: factor 1, water stage and factor 2 tree stand composition. Seasonal variation of spring water chemistry showed that, higher pH values and mineralization as well as higher concentrations of Ca and Mg were measured during low water stage periods while lower EC and pH values were noted after spring snowmelt and rainfall, when higher concentrations of NO and SO were also found. Higher concentrations of Ca and Mg and higher pH of spring waters located in beech-fir stands and in those mixed with a large proportion of beech as well as a lower concentration of Ca, Mg and HCO, pH, conductivity and mineralization of these spring waters, in which the alimentation areas were covered by upper subalpine spruce stands were noted.
本研究旨在确定影响不同林分中泉水化学成分的因素，并测量水阶段对小喀尔巴阡流域泉水理化参数的影响。在 2011 年和 2012 年，每年分三次在不同的水阶段（春季融雪后、大雨后和干旱期后）采集水样。水样在实验室中放置，以达到室温（19-20°C），并分析电导率（参考 T=25°C）和 pH 值。水样经过 0.45μm PTFE 注射器过滤器过滤后，通过 DIONEX ICS 5000 单元用离子色谱法进行分析。分析了以下离子：Ca、Mg、Na、K、HCO、SO、Cl 和 NO。多元分析（PCA）确定了泉水化学的两个因素：因素 1，水阶段和因素 2 林分组成。泉水化学的季节性变化表明，在低水位期测量到更高的 pH 值和矿化度以及更高浓度的 Ca 和 Mg，而在春季融雪和降雨后，测量到更低的 EC 和 pH 值，同时还发现更高浓度的 NO 和 SO。在山毛榉-冷杉林分中和混合了大量山毛榉的林分中，泉水 Ca 和 Mg 浓度较高，pH 值较高，而 Ca、Mg 和 HCO 的浓度较低，pH 值、电导率和矿化度较低，这些泉水的补给区被高山云杉林分覆盖。
