Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in four English cities.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in four city-based populations using a robust photographic method with TF index reporting; and to record the aesthetic satisfaction scores of children in all four cities.

BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN

Cross sectional epidemiological survey (surveillance).

PARTICIPANTS

1,904 children aged 11-14 years, in four English cities.

INTERVENTIONS

Two cities were served by community water fluoridation schemes supplying water at 1mg/l F. The other two cities did not have water fluoridation schemes and had low levels of fluoride naturally present.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

The prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis. Scoring was undertaken using high quality digital images by a single calibrated examiner.

RESULTS

Data suggest that the prevalence of fluorosis at levels greater than TF2 are broadly similar to previous studies (F 10%, NF 2%), with an apparent increase in the total number of TF1 cases across both fluoridated (41%) and non-fluoridated cities (32%) with a commensurate decrease in TF0 (F 39%, NF 63%). Data suggest that the proportion of children expressing dissatisfaction with the appearance of their teeth is the same in fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities although the reasons for this may differ.

CONCLUSIONS

The levels of fluorosis that might be considered of aesthetic concern are low and stable while the increase in TF1 may be due to an increase in self- and professionally-applied fluoride products or the increased sensitivity afforded by the digital imaging system. It is not however a public health problem or concern. Further monitoring appears justified.