Schimpchen Jan, Wagner Maximilian, Ferrauti Alexander, Kellmann Michael, Pfeiffer Mark, Meyer Tim
1Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; 2Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany; 3School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; and 4Institute of Sports Science, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Jun;31(6):1569-1576. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001591.
We investigated whether cold water immersion (CWI) after intensive training sessions can enhance recovery in elite Olympic weightlifters, taking into account each athlete's individual response pattern. The entire German male Olympic weightlifting national team participated in the study (n = 7), ensuring collection of data from elite athletes only. Using a randomized cross-over design, the athletes went through 2 high-intensity training microcycles consisting of 5 training sessions that were either followed by a CWI or passive recovery. Barbell speed in a snatch pull movement, blood parameters, and subjective ratings of general fatigue and recovery were assessed throughout the study. Physical performance at 2 snatch pull intensities (85% one repetition maximum [1RM]: -0.15% vs. -0.22%, p = 0.94; 90% 1RM: -0.7% vs. +1.23%, p = 0.25) did not differ significantly (condition × time). Although questionnaires revealed a significant decline in the ratings of overall recovery (p < 0.001) and a significantly higher rating of overall stress (p = 0.03) over time, no significant differences between conditions (p = 0.14; p = 0.98) could be revealed. Similarly, neither of the analyzed blood parameters changed significantly between conditions over time (creatine kinase: p = 0.53; urea: p = 0.43; cortisol: p = 0.59; testosterone: p = 0.53; testosterone:cortisol ratio: p = 0.69). In general, CWI did not prove to be an effective tool to enhance recovery in elite Olympic weightlifters over a 3-day intensive training period. However, even though the group was rather homogeneous with regard to performance, there were considerable intersubject differences in their response to CWI. It seems that athletes are best advised on a case-by-case basis.
我们研究了在高强度训练课后进行冷水浸泡（CWI）是否能促进精英奥运举重运动员的恢复，并考虑了每位运动员的个体反应模式。德国男子奥运举重国家队全体队员参与了该研究（n = 7），确保仅收集精英运动员的数据。采用随机交叉设计，运动员经历了2个高强度训练微周期，每个微周期包含5次训练课，训练课后分别进行CWI或被动恢复。在整个研究过程中，评估了抓举提拉动作中的杠铃速度、血液参数以及总体疲劳和恢复的主观评分。在两种抓举提拉强度下（85%的一次重复最大值[1RM]：-0.15%对-0.22%，p = 0.94；90%的1RM：-0.7%对+1.23%，p = 0.25）的身体表现无显著差异（条件×时间）。尽管问卷调查显示随着时间推移，总体恢复评分显著下降（p < 0.001），总体压力评分显著升高（p = 0.03），但各条件之间无显著差异（p = 0.14；p = 0.98）。同样，随着时间推移，各条件下分析的血液参数均无显著变化（肌酸激酶：p = 0.53；尿素：p = 0.43；皮质醇：p = 0.59；睾酮：p = 0.53；睾酮与皮质醇比值：p = 0.69）。总体而言，在为期3天的高强度训练期间，CWI并未被证明是促进精英奥运举重运动员恢复的有效工具。然而，尽管该组运动员在表现方面较为同质，但他们对CWI的反应存在相当大的个体差异。似乎最好根据具体情况为运动员提供建议。
