Pisani Laura Francesca, Tontini Gian Eugenio, Marinoni Beatrice, Villanacci Vincenzo, Bruni Barbara, Vecchi Maurizio, Pastorelli Luca
Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
Institute of Pathology, "Spedali Civili" Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2017 May 10;4:54. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00054. eCollection 2017.
One of the most common causes of chronic diarrhea is ascribed to microscopic colitis (MC). MC is classified in subtypes: collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC). Patients with MC report watery, non-bloody diarrhea of chronic course, abdominal pain, weight loss, and fatigue that may impair patient's health-related quality of life. A greater awareness, and concomitantly an increasing number of diagnoses over the last years, has demonstrated that the incidence and prevalence of MC are on the rise. To date, colonoscopy with histological analysis on multiple biopsies collected along the colon represents the unique accepted procedure used to assess the diagnosis of active MC and to evaluate the response to medical therapy. Therefore, the emerging need for less-invasive procedures that are also rapid, convenient, standardized, and reproducible, has encouraged scientists to turn their attention to the identification of inflammatory markers and other molecules in blood or feces and within the colonic tissue that can confirm a MC diagnosis. This review gives an update on the biomarkers that are potentially available for the identification of inflammatory activity, related to CC and LC.
慢性腹泻最常见的病因之一是微观性结肠炎（MC）。MC分为亚型：胶原性结肠炎（CC）和淋巴细胞性结肠炎（LC）。MC患者表现为慢性病程的水样、非血性腹泻、腹痛、体重减轻和疲劳，这些可能会损害患者与健康相关的生活质量。在过去几年中，人们对MC的认识不断提高，随之诊断数量也不断增加，这表明MC的发病率和患病率正在上升。迄今为止，对沿结肠采集的多个活检样本进行组织学分析的结肠镜检查是用于评估活动性MC诊断和评估药物治疗反应的唯一公认程序。因此，对快速、便捷、标准化且可重复的微创检查程序的新需求，促使科学家们将注意力转向识别血液、粪便以及结肠组织中可确诊MC的炎症标志物和其他分子。本综述对可能用于识别与CC和LC相关的炎症活动的生物标志物进行了更新。
