Suder Agnieszka, Gomula Aleksandra, Koziel Slawomir
Department of Anatomy, University of Physical Education in Cracow, 31-571, Krakow, Poland.
Department of Anthropology, Hirschfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Podwale 75, 50-449, Wroclaw, Poland.
Eur J Pediatr. 2017 Jul;176(7):909-916. doi: 10.1007/s00431-017-2938-4. Epub 2017 May 24.
We investigated secular trends of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in Polish schoolchildren examined through a period of almost 50 years. Data on height, weight and WC came from four cross-sectional surveys conducted in Poland between 1966 and 2012, covering 34,005 boys and 34,008 girls. Raw data of BMI and WC were standardized for age classes. Statistical analyses included the Kruskal-Willis test and Pearson Chi-square test. BMI and WC increased during the studied period; however, the growth was higher for WC (increase by 0.56 and 0.44 SD scores for BMI and 1.05 and 0.77 SD scores for WC in boys and girls, respectively). In boys, secular changes in BMI and WC were similar across childhood, early and late adolescence, while in girls they differed, indicating change in the type of adipose tissue distribution to a more central one in late adolescent girls.
During 46 years, there was a tendency to a greater increase of the fraction of individuals with central obesity than the overall one. Since abdominal fat deposit is more connected with higher health risks than subcutaneous fat pattern, probably the number of metabolic complications in Polish children and adolescents will intensify in the future. What is Known: • BMI has significant limitations related to fat distribution, while WC is a measure of central adiposity. • Greater central fat deposition increases the risk of many diseases; therefore, WC may serve as a diagnostic measure for detecting central obesity in children at risk. What is New: • In girls, changes in BMI and WC indicate change in adipose tissue distribution to a more central one in late adolescence girls. • Both general and abdominal obesity in Polish children increased significantly from 1966 to 2012, with the tendency to a greater increase of the fraction of individuals with central obesity than the overall one, implying the number of metabolic complications in Polish children and adolescents may intensify in the future.
我们调查了在近50年期间接受检查的波兰学童的体重指数（BMI）和腰围（WC）的长期趋势。身高、体重和腰围数据来自1966年至2012年在波兰进行的四项横断面调查，涵盖34005名男孩和34008名女孩。BMI和WC的原始数据按年龄组进行了标准化。统计分析包括Kruskal-Willis检验和Pearson卡方检验。在研究期间，BMI和WC有所增加；然而，WC的增长更高（男孩和女孩的BMI分别增加0.56和0.44标准差分数，WC分别增加1.05和0.77标准差分数）。在男孩中，BMI和WC的长期变化在童年、青春期早期和晚期相似，而在女孩中则不同，这表明青春期晚期女孩的脂肪组织分布类型向更集中的方向变化。
在46年中，中心性肥胖个体比例的增加趋势大于总体增加趋势。由于腹部脂肪沉积比皮下脂肪模式与更高的健康风险更相关，未来波兰儿童和青少年的代谢并发症数量可能会增加。已知信息：•BMI与脂肪分布有显著局限性，而WC是中心性肥胖的衡量指标。•更多的中心性脂肪沉积会增加多种疾病的风险；因此，WC可作为检测有风险儿童中心性肥胖的诊断指标。新发现：•在女孩中，BMI和WC的变化表明青春期晚期女孩的脂肪组织分布向更集中的方向变化。•从1966年到2012年，波兰儿童的总体肥胖和腹部肥胖都显著增加，中心性肥胖个体比例的增加趋势大于总体增加趋势，这意味着波兰儿童和青少年的代谢并发症数量未来可能会增加。
