Jutley Gurjeet, Luk Sheila Mh, Dehabadi Mohammad H, Cordeiro M Francesca
Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London, UK.
Medical Retina, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Neurodegener Dis Manag. 2017 Apr;7(2):157-172. doi: 10.2217/nmt-2017-0004. Epub 2017 May 22.
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease with an estimated prevalence of 60 million people, and the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The mainstay of treatment has been aimed at lowering intraocular pressure, currently the only modifiable risk factor. Unfortunately, despite adequate pressure control, many patients go on to suffer irreversible visual loss. We first briefly examine currently established intraocular pressure lowering-treatments, with a discussion of their roles in neuroprotection as demonstrated by both animal and clinical studies. The review then examines currently available intraocular pressure independent agents that have shown promise for possessing neuroprotective effects in the management of glaucoma. Finally, we explore potential future treatments such as immune-modulation, stem cell therapy and neural regeneration as they may provide further protection against the neurodegenerative processes involved in glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
青光眼是一种神经退行性疾病，全球估计患病率为6000万人，是全球不可逆性失明的最常见原因。治疗的主要手段一直是降低眼压，眼压是目前唯一可改变的危险因素。不幸的是，尽管眼压得到了充分控制，但许多患者仍会遭受不可逆的视力丧失。我们首先简要研究目前已确立的降低眼压治疗方法，并讨论其在神经保护中的作用，这已在动物和临床研究中得到证实。该综述随后研究了目前可用的不依赖眼压的药物，这些药物在青光眼治疗中已显示出具有神经保护作用的前景。最后，我们探索潜在的未来治疗方法，如免疫调节、干细胞治疗和神经再生，因为它们可能为青光眼性视神经病变所涉及的神经退行性过程提供进一步的保护。
