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性别的差异在社区青少年样本中体像障碍症的表现。

Sex Differences in the Presentation of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in a Community Sample of Adolescents.

机构信息

a Department of Psychology , Macquarie University.

b School of Medicine , Western Sydney University.

出版信息

J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2019 May-Jun;48(3):516-528. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2017.1321001. Epub 2017 May 25.

Abstract

The current study sought to explore sex differences in the presentation of probable full-syndrome and subthreshold body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in adolescents from an Australian community sample. Specifically, it examined sex differences in the types of BDD symptoms endorsed, body areas of concern, and the association with elevated symptoms of comorbid disorders. In male participants, it also compared the presenting features of those with and without muscle dysmorphia. Of 3,149 adolescents assessed using self-report questionnaires, 162 (5.1%) reported probable BDD (57.4% male,  = 14.89 years,  = 1.33, primarily from Oceanian or European cultural backgrounds). All participants completed measures of BDD symptoms; past mental health service use; and symptoms of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and eating disorders. Male participants completed additional measures of quality of life, drive for muscularity, hyperactivity, conduct disorder, peer problems, and emotional symptoms. Controlling for demographic variables that varied by sex, male and female participants reported similar BDD symptom severity, rates of most elevated comorbid symptoms, and mental health service use. Concerns regarding muscularity, breasts/nipples, and thighs differed by sex. Female participants were more likely than male participants to report elevated generalized anxiety symptoms. In male participants, muscle dysmorphia was not associated with greater severity across most measures. The presenting features of BDD were broadly similar in male and female participants, and in male participants with and without muscle dysmorphia. Future research should seek to increase mental health service use in adolescents with BDD and to improve rates of disorder detection in clinical settings.

摘要

本研究旨在探讨澳大利亚社区样本中青少年全综合征和阈下躯体变形障碍(BDD)表现的性别差异。具体而言,研究了性别差异与 BDD 症状类型、关注的身体部位以及与共病障碍症状升高的关系。在男性参与者中,还比较了有和没有肌肉变形障碍的参与者的表现特征。在使用自我报告问卷评估的 3149 名青少年中,有 162 名(5.1%)报告了可能的 BDD(57.4%为男性,年龄为 14.89 岁, = 1.33,主要来自大洋洲或欧洲文化背景)。所有参与者都完成了 BDD 症状、过去心理健康服务使用情况以及焦虑、抑郁、强迫症和饮食障碍症状的测量。男性参与者还完成了生活质量、肌肉发达驱动力、多动、品行障碍、同伴问题和情绪症状的额外测量。控制了因性别而异的人口统计学变量后,男性和女性参与者报告的 BDD 症状严重程度、大多数升高的共病症状发生率和心理健康服务使用情况相似。对肌肉、乳房/乳头和大腿的关注因性别而异。女性参与者比男性参与者更有可能报告普遍存在的焦虑症状。在男性参与者中,肌肉变形障碍与大多数测量指标的严重程度无关。BDD 的表现特征在男性和女性参与者以及男性参与者中有和没有肌肉变形障碍时基本相似。未来的研究应该寻求增加有 BDD 的青少年的心理健康服务使用,并提高临床环境中的疾病检出率。

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