Bocknek Erika London, Brophy-Herb Holly E, Banerjee Meeta
Michigan State University.
Infant Ment Health J. 2009 Sep;30(5):452-476. doi: 10.1002/imhj.20224.
The purpose of this study was to examine how parental supportiveness and child gender are related to toddlers' emotion regulation over time among low-income African American mothers and their children (n = 803). Data for the current study were collected as part of the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. Using latent growth curve modeling, results indicated that parental supportiveness predicted toddlers' emotion regulation skills, on average (intercepts), and rates of growth of parental supportiveness predicted the rates of growth in emotion regulation over time (slope), beyond the effects of initial parental risk status, child gender, Early Head Start treatment effects, and infant emotionality. However, parental supportiveness over time did not differentially predict toddler emotion regulation over time for boys as compared to girls. Results suggest that parental supportiveness may represent a subtle form of emotion socialization by providing a context in which toddlers may be better able to utilize their mothers as effective resources in managing emotions. Practitioners should emphasize with the parents the role of parent-child interactions as a context for development. The lack of gender differences suggests that differential parenting towards boys and girls, evident in research with older children, may not yet be present in toddlerhood. Recognizing similarities in parenting across racial groups early on as well as being sensitive to differences that may emerge later will position practitioners to provide support within a culturally sensitive framework.
本研究的目的是探讨在低收入非裔美国母亲及其子女（n = 803）中，父母的支持度和孩子的性别如何随时间推移与幼儿的情绪调节相关。作为“早期开端研究与评估项目”的一部分，收集了本研究的数据。使用潜在增长曲线模型，结果表明，父母的支持度平均而言（截距）预测了幼儿的情绪调节技能，并且父母支持度的增长速率预测了情绪调节随时间的增长速率（斜率），这超出了初始父母风险状况、孩子性别、早期开端治疗效果和婴儿情绪性的影响。然而，随着时间的推移，与女孩相比，父母的支持度并未对男孩的情绪调节随时间的变化产生差异预测。结果表明，父母的支持度可能通过提供一种背景，使幼儿能够更好地利用母亲作为管理情绪的有效资源，从而代表了一种微妙的情绪社会化形式。从业者应向父母强调亲子互动作为发展背景的作用。缺乏性别差异表明，在对年龄较大儿童的研究中明显存在的对男孩和女孩的差别养育方式，在幼儿期可能尚未出现。尽早认识到不同种族群体在养育方式上的相似之处，并对后期可能出现的差异保持敏感，将使从业者能够在文化敏感的框架内提供支持。
