Violence and Society Research Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Addiction. 2017 Nov;112(11):1898-1906. doi: 10.1111/add.13878. Epub 2017 Jul 3.
Premises licensed for the sale and consumption of alcohol can contribute to levels of assault-related injury through poor operational practices that, if addressed, could reduce violence. We tested the real-world effectiveness of an intervention designed to change premises operation, whether any intervention effect changed over time, and the effect of intervention dose.
A parallel randomized controlled trial with the unit of allocation and outcomes measured at the level of individual premises.
All premises (public houses, nightclubs or hotels with a public bar) in Wales, UK.
A randomly selected subsample (n = 600) of eligible premises (that had one or more violent incidents recorded in police-recorded crime data; n = 837) were randomized into control and intervention groups.
Intervention premises were audited by Environmental Health Practitioners who identified risks for violence and provided feedback by varying dose (informal, through written advice, follow-up visits) on how risks could be addressed. Control premises received usual practice.
Police data were used to derive a binary variable describing whether, on each day premises were open, one or more violent incidents were evident over a 455-day period following randomization.
Due to premises being unavailable at the time of intervention delivery 208 received the intervention and 245 were subject to usual practice in an intention-to-treat analysis. The intervention was associated with an increase in police recorded violence compared to normal practice (hazard ratio = 1.34, 95% confidence interval = 1.20-1.51). Exploratory analyses suggested that reduced violence was associated with greater intervention dose (follow-up visits).
An Environmental Health Practitioner-led intervention in premises licensed for the sale and on-site consumption of alcohol resulted in an increase in police recorded violence.
出售和消费酒精的场所可能会因运营不善而导致与袭击相关的伤害程度增加，如果加以解决，这些伤害是可以减少的。我们测试了一项旨在改变场所运营的干预措施的实际效果，以及干预效果是否随时间变化，以及干预剂量的效果。
一项平行随机对照试验，以个体场所为单位进行分配和结果测量。
英国威尔士的所有场所（酒馆、夜总会或设有公共酒吧的酒店）。
从符合条件的场所（在警方记录的犯罪数据中有一起或多起暴力事件记录的场所；n=837）中随机抽取一个子样本（n=600），分为对照组和干预组。
环境卫生从业者对干预场所进行审计，确定暴力风险，并通过不同剂量（非正式、书面建议、后续访问）提供反馈，说明如何解决风险。对照场所接受常规做法。
警方数据用于得出一个二进制变量，描述在随机分组后的 455 天内，每个场所开放日是否有一起或多起暴力事件。
由于在干预实施时场所无法使用，208 家场所接受了干预，245 家场所按照常规做法进行了意向治疗分析。与常规做法相比，干预措施与警方记录的暴力事件增加有关（风险比=1.34，95%置信区间=1.20-1.51）。探索性分析表明，干预剂量（随访访问）减少与暴力减少有关。
由环境卫生从业者主导的对出售和现场消费酒精的场所的干预措施导致警方记录的暴力事件增加。
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