Livingston Jennifer A, Derrick Jaye L, Wang Weijun, Testa Maria, Nickerson Amanda B, Espelage Dorothy L, Miller Kathleen E
Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY.
Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX.
J Child Fam Stud. 2019 Sep;28(9):2558-2571. doi: 10.1007/s10826-018-1109-1. Epub 2018 May 17.
Adolescent involvement in bullying as a victim or perpetrator has been associated with negative health outcomes, including emotional distress and substance use. Whether negative affect and substance use are acute responses to bullying involvement or whether they develop over time is unknown. Such knowledge is needed to understand the conditions under which bullying contributes to adverse outcomes, as well as to inform the development of appropriate interventions. This study examined the daily-level associations among bullying, negative affect, and substance use (i.e., alcohol, cigarettes, electronic-cigarettes, marijuana) among a community sample of adolescents ( = 204) ages 13 - 16 years (55% female, 81% European American, 13% African-American) who had reported bully victimization or perpetration in the past six months. Participants completed a brief on-line survey every day for 56 consecutive days, reporting on their experiences with bully victimization, bully perpetration, mood, and substance use for that day. Consistent with hypotheses, being bullied on a given day was associated with reporting greater than average levels of sadness ( = 0.279, = [0.172, 0.387]), anger ( = 0.354, = [0.242, 0.466]), and cigarette use ( = 1.453, = [1.006, 2.099]) on that day; however, it was not associated with alcohol, electronic-cigarette, or marijuana use. Perpetration was not associated with same day negative affect or substance use. Results of the current study suggest that negative affect and cigarette use may be acute responses to bully victimization. Bully perpetration does not appear to be proximally linked to mood or substance use after accounting for victimization.
青少年作为欺凌行为的受害者或实施者与负面健康结果相关，包括情绪困扰和物质使用。负面影响和物质使用是对参与欺凌行为的急性反应，还是随着时间推移而发展，目前尚不清楚。了解这些情况对于理解欺凌行为导致不良后果的条件以及为制定适当的干预措施提供依据是必要的。本研究调查了13至16岁（55%为女性，81%为欧美裔，13%为非裔美国人）的204名青少年社区样本中，欺凌行为、负面影响和物质使用（即酒精、香烟、电子烟、大麻）之间的日常关联，这些青少年在过去六个月中曾报告遭受过欺凌或实施过欺凌行为。参与者连续56天每天完成一份简短的在线调查，报告他们当天的欺凌受害经历、欺凌实施情况、情绪和物质使用情况。与假设一致，在某一天遭受欺凌与当天报告的悲伤情绪（β = 0.279，95%置信区间 = [0.172, 0.387]）、愤怒情绪（β = 0.354，95%置信区间 = [0.242, 0.466]）以及香烟使用（β = 1.453，95%置信区间 = [1.006, 2.099]）水平高于平均水平相关；然而，与酒精、电子烟或大麻使用无关。实施欺凌行为与当天的负面影响或物质使用无关。本研究结果表明，负面影响和香烟使用可能是对欺凌受害的急性反应。在考虑受害情况后，欺凌实施似乎与情绪或物质使用没有直接关联。
