Department of Behavioral Sciences and Community Health, University of Connecticut Schools of Medicine and Dental Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Pediatrics - Endocrinology and Diabetes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
J Diabetes. 2018 Feb;10(2):148-157. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12570. Epub 2017 Jul 14.
Despite growing attention to diabetes throughout Asia, data from Southeast Asia are limited. This article reports rates of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity in Cambodia.
Two studies were conducted across different regions of Cambodia: (i) a 2012 screening study across urban, semi-urban, and rural areas that used point-of-care capillary glucose for determination of diabetes (n = 13 997); and (ii) a 2005 epidemiological study with random selection from two main urban areas that used oral glucose tolerance tests for determination of diabetes (n = 1863). Blood pressure and anthropometrics were also measured.
In the screening study, rates of diabetes were significantly higher in urban than rural sites, with intermediate rates in semi-urban areas. There was a significant dose-response effect for urbanicity on overweight, obesity, and waist:hip ratio, with higher rates for urban versus semi-urban and for semi-urban versus rural locales. Rural sites had the lowest rates of hypertension, followed by urban and semi-urban sites. Among people who screened positive for diabetes, there was a dose-response effect for urbanicity on undiagnosed diabetes; rates of previously undiagnosed diabetes were lowest in urban (51%), followed by semi-urban (55%) and rural (67%) locales. Rural participants reported the highest rates of smoking and alcohol use. In the urban epidemiological study, prevalence rates of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance were approximately 10%, indicating a prevalence of total glucose intolerance of approximately 20%.
In Cambodia, diabetes rates are high among urban residents and undiagnosed diabetes is highest among rural residents. A country-wide public health response is urgently needed; as development continues, rates of diabetes are expected to rise.
尽管亚洲对糖尿病的关注度日益提高，但来自东南亚的数据有限。本文报告了柬埔寨的糖尿病、高血压和肥胖症发病率。
在柬埔寨的两个不同地区进行了两项研究：（i）2012 年在城市、半城市和农村地区进行的一项筛查研究，使用即时血糖仪检测血糖以确定糖尿病（n=13997）；（ii）2005 年在两个主要城市地区进行的一项随机抽样的流行病学研究，使用口服葡萄糖耐量试验确定糖尿病（n=1863）。同时还测量了血压和人体测量学指标。
在筛查研究中，城市地区的糖尿病发病率明显高于农村地区，半城市地区的发病率居中。城市性对超重、肥胖和腰围：臀围比有显著的剂量反应效应，城市地区的发病率高于半城市地区，半城市地区的发病率又高于农村地区。农村地区的高血压发病率最低，其次是城市和半城市地区。在筛查出患有糖尿病的人群中，城市性对未确诊糖尿病有剂量反应效应；未确诊糖尿病的发病率在城市地区最低（51%），其次是半城市地区（55%）和农村地区（67%）。农村地区参与者报告的吸烟和饮酒率最高。在城市流行病学研究中，糖尿病和糖耐量受损的患病率约为 10%，表明总葡萄糖耐量的患病率约为 20%。
在柬埔寨，城市居民的糖尿病发病率较高，农村居民的未确诊糖尿病发病率最高。柬埔寨急需采取全国性的公共卫生应对措施；随着发展的继续，糖尿病的发病率预计将会上升。
