Henkel Marius, Geissler Mareen, Weggenmann Fabiola, Hausmann Rudolf
Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
Biotechnol J. 2017 Jul;12(7). doi: 10.1002/biot.201600561. Epub 2017 May 23.
Surfactants are an important class of industrial chemicals. Nowadays oleochemical surfactants such as alkyl polyglycosides (APGs) become increasingly important. This trend towards the utilization of renewable resources continues and consumers increasingly demand for environmentally friendly products. Consequently, research in microbial surfactants has drastically increased in the last years. While for mannosylerythritol lipids and sophorolipids established industrial processes exist, an implementation of other microbially derived surfactants has not yet been achieved. Amongst these biosurfactants, rhamnolipids synthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and surfactin produced by Bacillus subtilis are so far the most analyzed biosurfactants due to their exceptional properties and the concomitant possible applications. In this review, a general overview is given regarding the current status of biosurfactants and benefits attributed to these molecules. Furthermore, the most recent research approaches for both rhamnolipids and surfactin are presented with respect to possible methods for industrial processes and the occurring drawbacks and limitations researchers have to address and overcome.
表面活性剂是一类重要的工业化学品。如今，诸如烷基多苷（APG）之类的油脂化学表面活性剂变得越来越重要。这种利用可再生资源的趋势仍在持续，并且消费者对环保产品的需求日益增加。因此，近年来对微生物表面活性剂的研究急剧增加。虽然甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂和槐糖脂已有成熟的工业生产工艺，但其他微生物来源的表面活性剂尚未实现工业化应用。在这些生物表面活性剂中，铜绿假单胞菌合成的鼠李糖脂和枯草芽孢杆菌产生的表面活性素，因其卓越的性能以及随之而来的潜在应用，是目前研究最多的生物表面活性剂。在这篇综述中，我们对生物表面活性剂的现状以及这些分子的益处进行了总体概述。此外，还介绍了鼠李糖脂和表面活性素在工业生产可能方法方面的最新研究进展，以及研究人员必须解决和克服的现有缺点和局限性。
