Mumby Peter J
Department of Marine Sciences and Coastal Management, The University, NE1 7RU, Ridley Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Oecologia. 2001 Jul;128(2):274-280. doi: 10.1007/s004420100643. Epub 2001 Jul 1.
Habitat diversity is a widely used criterion for locating conservation activities such as protected areas. Most habitat diversity indices are measures of alpha diversity at the scale of habitats and are therefore insensitive to the underlying biological differences between habitats. To incorporate such inter-habitat differences, a new method is presented which calculates a measure of beta (β) diversity from pixels within a window passed throughout a habitat map. To avoid confusion with β diversity indices, the new measure is called β-dissimilarity. β-Dissimiliarity is calculated from the mean Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, D , of field data which comprise each habitat class. The variance of D distinguishes discrete β-dissimilarity distributions from homogenous patterns. The method also attempts to remove some of the arbitrary aspects of habitat mapping, can be scaled to other levels of diversity or measures of community structure, is readily interpretable and permits hypothesis testing. Its applications to ecosystem science and coastal management are discussed and illustrated.
栖息地多样性是确定保护区等保护活动地点时广泛使用的一个标准。大多数栖息地多样性指数是在栖息地尺度上对α多样性的度量，因此对栖息地之间潜在的生物学差异不敏感。为了纳入这种栖息地间差异，本文提出了一种新方法，该方法从在整个栖息地地图上滑动的窗口内的像素计算β多样性度量。为避免与β多样性指数混淆，新度量称为β相异性。β相异性是根据包含每个栖息地类别的实地数据的平均布雷-柯蒂斯相异性D计算得出的。D的方差将离散的β相异性分布与均匀模式区分开来。该方法还试图消除栖息地制图中的一些任意性方面，可扩展到其他多样性水平或群落结构度量，易于解释并允许进行假设检验。文中讨论并举例说明了其在生态系统科学和海岸管理中的应用。
