Kemper Han C G
Department of Health Science, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Am J Hum Biol. 1994;6(4):437-444. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.1310060404.
Within the framework of a longitudinal study, the Amsterdam Growth and Health Study followed a group of males and females from their teens into early adulthood. Directly measured maximal oxygen uptake (VO max) was determined five times in 97 males and 103 females between 13 and 21 years of age during a constant speed (8 km/hr) and variable slope treadmill run to exhaustion. A change in oxygen uptake (VO ) of < 150 ml between the second last and final minute of the test was used as the criterion to determine the attainment of a plateau or leveling-off (LO) in VO . The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between VO max and the leveling-off criterion and other factors associated with the plateau phenomenon in this sample with increasing age. The VO max measurements over the years showed that 44-57% of males and 24-42% of females did not show a plateau. Moreover, subjects who did not reach leveling-off (no-LOs) showed slightly higher VO max values than subjects who reached the leveling-off criterion (LOs). These differences are significant (P < 0.05) in males from age 14.5 on, and in females only at age 21.5. Males who did not demonstrate a plateau in VO had a significantly higher total fat-free mass and lean leg volume (LLV) than males who demonstrated a plateau, but were not different in stature and weight. However, in females these differences were not significant. The apparent sex difference can be explained by the much smaller increase (25%) in LLV in females than in males. These results can be explained by the limitations of VO max by central and/or peripheral circulating factors. One possibility could be that during maximal uphill running, relatively less vasoconstriction occurs in the arterioles of larger exercising leg muscles, which permits an upward shift in VO and an increased demand on central oxygen transport mediated by increased peripheral metabolism. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
在一项纵向研究的框架内，阿姆斯特丹生长与健康研究跟踪了一组从青少年时期到成年早期的男性和女性。在年龄介于13至21岁的97名男性和103名女性中，通过恒速（8公里/小时）和可变坡度跑步机跑步直至力竭，直接测量了最大摄氧量（VO₂max）五次。将测试倒数第二分钟和最后一分钟之间摄氧量（VO₂）的变化小于150毫升作为确定VO₂达到平台期或趋于平稳（LO）的标准。本研究的目的是调查VO₂max与平稳标准以及该样本中随年龄增长与平台现象相关的其他因素之间的关系。多年来的VO₂max测量结果显示，44%至57%的男性和24%至42%的女性未出现平台期。此外，未达到平稳期（无LO）的受试者的VO₂max值略高于达到平稳标准（有LO）的受试者。这些差异在14.5岁及以上的男性中显著（P<0.05），而在女性中仅在21.5岁时显著。VO₂未出现平台期的男性的无脂肪总体质量和瘦腿体积（LLV）显著高于出现平台期的男性，但身高和体重无差异。然而，在女性中这些差异不显著。明显的性别差异可以通过女性LLV的增加（25%）远小于男性来解释。这些结果可以通过中枢和/或外周循环因素对VO₂max的限制来解释。一种可能性是，在最大上坡跑步期间，较大运动腿部肌肉的小动脉中相对较少发生血管收缩，这使得VO₂向上移动，并通过增加外周代谢介导对中枢氧运输的需求增加。©1994威利-利斯公司。
