Hassandra Mary, Lintunen Taru, Hagger Martin S, Heikkinen Risto, Vanhala Mauno, Kettunen Tarja
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Psychology & Behavioral Medicine Research Group & Laboratory of Self-Regulation (Laser), Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2017 May 26;5(5):e74. doi: 10.2196/mhealth.6252.
While gains in reducing smoking rates in Finland have been made, prevalence rates are still substantial. Relapse rates among smokers engaged in quit-smoking programs are high. Physical activity has been proposed as one means to help smokers manage cravings. Software and apps on mobile phone and handheld devices offer an opportunity to communicate messages on how to use physical activity to manage cravings as part of quit-smoking programs.
We aimed to test the feasibility, acceptability, usability, and preliminary efficacy of an mHealth mobile phone app, Physical activity over Smoking (PhoS), to assist smokers in quitting smoking in a randomized controlled trial. The app was designed to prompt smokers to engage in physical activities to manage their smoking cravings.
Regular smokers (n=44) attended a group-based behavioral counselling program aimed at promoting physical activity as an additional aid to quit. After quit day, participants were randomly allocated to an intervention (n=25) or to a comparison (n=19) group. Participants in the intervention group were provided with the PhoS app and training on how to use it to assist with relapse prevention. Participants in the comparison condition were provided with generalized relapse prevention training.
Some participants reported that the PhoS app was useful in assisting them to successfully manage their cigarette cravings, although compliance across the sample was modest and participants reported low levels of usability. Participants receiving the PhoS app did not report greater abstinence than those who did not receive the app. However, participants receiving the app were more likely to report greater abstinence if they did not use pharmacological support, while those who did not receive the app reported greater abstinence when using pharmacological support. Participants receiving the app reported greater levels of physical activity than those who did not. Results revealed that the app resulted in better retention.
The PhoS app showed some potential to reduce abstinence among participants not using pharmacological therapy and to increase physical activity. However, problems with usability and lack of effects on abstinence raise questions over the app's long-term effectiveness. Future research should prioritize further development of the app to maximize usability and test effects of the intervention independent of quit-smoking programs.
International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 55259451; http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN55259451 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6cKF2mzEI).
芬兰在降低吸烟率方面已取得成效，但吸烟率仍然很高。参加戒烟计划的吸烟者复发率也很高。体育活动被认为是帮助吸烟者控制烟瘾的一种方法。手机和手持设备上的软件及应用程序为传递如何利用体育活动控制烟瘾的信息提供了机会，可作为戒烟计划的一部分。
我们旨在通过一项随机对照试验，测试一款移动健康手机应用程序“以体育活动取代吸烟（PhoS）”在帮助吸烟者戒烟方面的可行性、可接受性、可用性和初步疗效。该应用程序旨在促使吸烟者进行体育活动以控制吸烟欲望。
经常吸烟的人（n = 44）参加了一项以小组为基础的行为咨询计划，该计划旨在促进体育活动，作为辅助戒烟的一种手段。戒烟日之后，参与者被随机分配到干预组（n = 25）或对照组（n = 19）。干预组的参与者获得了PhoS应用程序，并接受了如何使用该程序预防复吸的培训。对照组的参与者接受了一般性的预防复吸培训。
一些参与者报告称，PhoS应用程序有助于他们成功控制吸烟欲望，不过整个样本的依从性一般，且参与者报告该程序的可用性较低。使用PhoS应用程序的参与者报告的戒烟率并不高于未使用该程序的参与者。然而，如果不使用药物支持，使用该应用程序的参与者更有可能报告更高的戒烟率；而未使用该应用程序的参与者在使用药物支持时报告的戒烟率更高。使用该应用程序的参与者报告的体育活动水平高于未使用的参与者。结果显示，该应用程序能提高留存率。
PhoS应用程序在降低未使用药物治疗的参与者的复吸率和增加体育活动方面显示出一定潜力。然而，可用性问题以及对戒烟率缺乏影响，让人对该应用程序的长期有效性产生疑问。未来的研究应优先进一步开发该应用程序，以最大限度地提高其可用性，并独立于戒烟计划测试该干预措施的效果。
国际标准随机对照试验编号（ISRCTN）：55259451；http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN55259451（由WebCite存档于http://www.webcitation.org/6cKF2mzEI）。
