DBT BioCARe Scientist, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati. India.
Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039. India.
Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(24):3455-3482. doi: 10.2174/1381612823666170526094606.
The global volume of skin damage or injuries has major healthcare implications and, accounts for about half of the world's annual expenditure in the healthcare sector. In the last two decades, tissue-engineered skin constructs have shown great promise in the treatment of various skin-related disorders such as deep burns and wounds. The treatment methods for skin replacement and repair have evolved from utilization of autologous epidermal sheets to more complex bilayered cutaneous tissue engineered skin substitutes. However, inadequate vascularization, lack of flexibility in drug/growth factors loading and inability to reconstitute skin appendages such as hair follicles limits their utilization for restoration of normal skin anatomy on a routine basis. Recent advancements in cutting-edge technology from stem cell biology, nanotechnology, and various vascularization strategies have provided a tremendous springboard for researchers in developing and manipulating tissue engineered skin substitutes for improved skin regeneration and wound healing. This review summarizes the overview of skin tissue engineering and wound healing. Herein, developments and challenges of various available biomaterials, cell sources and in vitro skin models (full thickness and wound healing models) in tissue-engineered skin research are discussed. Furthermore, central to the discussion is the inclusion of various innovative strategies starting from stem cells, nanotechnology, vascularization strategies, microfluidics to three dimensional (3D) bioprinting based strategies for generation of complex skin mimics. The review then moves on to highlight the future prospects of advanced construction strategies of these bioengineered skin constructs and their contribution to wound healing and skin regeneration on current practice.
全球皮肤损伤或创伤的数量对医疗保健有重大影响，约占全球医疗保健部门年度支出的一半。在过去的二十年中，组织工程皮肤构建体在治疗各种皮肤相关疾病方面显示出巨大的潜力，例如深度烧伤和创伤。皮肤替代和修复的治疗方法已经从利用自体表皮片发展到更复杂的双层皮肤组织工程皮肤替代物。然而，血管化不足、药物/生长因子加载的灵活性差以及无法重建毛囊等皮肤附属物，限制了它们在常规基础上用于恢复正常皮肤解剖结构的应用。最近，来自干细胞生物学、纳米技术和各种血管化策略的尖端技术的进步为研究人员开发和操纵组织工程皮肤替代物以促进皮肤再生和伤口愈合提供了巨大的契机。本综述总结了皮肤组织工程和伤口愈合的概述。本文讨论了各种可用生物材料、细胞来源和组织工程皮肤研究中的体外皮肤模型（全厚度和伤口愈合模型）的发展和挑战。此外，讨论的核心还包括从干细胞、纳米技术、血管化策略、微流控到基于三维（3D）生物打印的复杂皮肤模拟生成的各种创新策略。然后，本综述强调了这些生物工程皮肤构建体的先进构建策略的未来前景及其对当前实践中伤口愈合和皮肤再生的贡献。
