CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
Chemosphere. 2017 Sep;183:380-388. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.073. Epub 2017 May 13.
Some dinoflagellates can produce lipophilic marine toxins, which pose potent threats to seafood consumers. In the Bohai Sea, an important semi-closed inland sea with intensive mariculture industry in China, there is little knowledge concerning lipophilic marine toxins and their potential threats. In this study, net-concentrated phytoplankton samples were periodically collected from 5 typical mariculture zones around the Bohai Sea, including Laishan (LS), Laizhou (LZ), Hangu (HG), Qinhuangdao (QHD) and Huludao (HLD) in 2013 and 2014, and a method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a Q-Trap mass spectrometer was applied to analyze seven representative lipophilic marine toxins, including okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), yessotoxin (YTX), azaspiracid-1 (AZA1), gymnodimine (GYM), and 13-desmethyl spirolide C (desMeC). The method had high sensitivity and repeatability, and exhibited satisfactory recoveries for most of the lipophilic marine toxins (92.1-108%) except for AZA1 (65.8-68.9%). Nearly all the lipophilic marine toxins could be detected in phytoplankton samples from the Bohai Sea. OA, DTX1 and PTX2 were predominant components and present in most of the phytoplankton samples. The maximum content of lipophilic marine toxin in phytoplankton samples concentrated from seawater (OA 464 pg L; DTX1 783 pg L; YTX 86.6 pg L; desMeC 15.6 pg L; PTX2 1.11 × 10 pg L) appeared in June 2014. Based on toxins present in phytoplankton samples, it is implied that seafood in the Bohai Sea is more likely to be contaminated by OA group and PTX group toxins, and spring is the high-risk season for toxin contamination.
一些甲藻可以产生脂溶性海洋毒素，对海鲜消费者构成潜在威胁。在中国，渤海是一个重要的半封闭内海，拥有密集的海水养殖业，但关于脂溶性海洋毒素及其潜在威胁的知识却很少。在这项研究中，2013 年和 2014 年，我们定期从渤海周围 5 个典型的海水养殖区（包括莱山（LS）、莱州（LZ）、塘沽（HG）、秦皇岛（QHD）和葫芦岛（HLD））采集网采浮游植物样本，并应用高效液相色谱（HPLC）-串联四极杆质谱法（Q-Trap MS）分析了 7 种有代表性的脂溶性海洋毒素，包括 okadaic acid（OA）、dinophysistoxin-1（DTX1）、pectenotoxin-2（PTX2）、yessotoxin（YTX）、azaspiracid-1（AZA1）、gymnodimine（GYM）和 13-desmethyl spirolide C（desMeC）。该方法灵敏度高、重复性好，除了 AZA1（65.8-68.9%）外，大多数脂溶性海洋毒素的回收率均令人满意（92.1-108%）。几乎所有的脂溶性海洋毒素都可以在渤海的浮游植物样本中检测到。OA、DTX1 和 PTX2 是主要成分，存在于大多数浮游植物样本中。从海水中浓缩的浮游植物样本中脂溶性海洋毒素的最大含量（OA 464 pg L；DTX1 783 pg L；YTX 86.6 pg L；desMeC 15.6 pg L；PTX2 1.11×10 pg L）出现在 2014 年 6 月。根据浮游植物样本中的毒素含量，暗示渤海的海鲜更容易受到 OA 组和 PTX 组毒素的污染，春季是毒素污染的高风险季节。
